English Grammar Tenses and Vocabulary
English Grammar Tenses and Vocabulary
Verb Tenses
Present Tenses
Simple Present (PS)
Used for scheduled events, routines, and general truths. Example: She eats breakfast every morning.
Present Continuous (PC)
Used for actions happening now or in the near future. Example: I am studying for my exam.
Past Tenses
Present Perfect (PP)
Used for actions that started in the past and continue in the present. Example: They have lived here for five years.
Present Perfect Continuous (PPC)
Used to emphasize the duration of an action that started in the past and continues in the present. Example: We have been waiting for two hours.
Simple Past (PS)
Used for completed actions in the past. Example: He played football yesterday.
Past Continuous (PC)
Used for actions in progress at a specific time in the past. Example: She was sleeping when I called.
Past Perfect Tenses
Past Perfect (PASP)
Used for actions that happened before another past action. Example: I had finished my homework before dinner.
Past Perfect Continuous (PASPC)
Used to emphasize the duration of an action that happened before another past action. Example: They had been talking for hours before we arrived.
Time Expressions
Relative Time Expressions (RS)
Indicate the time of an event relative to another event. Examples: now, then, today, yesterday, last week, next month, ago, before
Vocabulary List
- fireworks: fuegos artificiales
- bargain: ganga
- thief: ladrón
- cheque: cheque
- scoop: exclusiva
- guest: invitado
- the press: la prensa
- witness: testigo
- afford: permitirse
- wedding: boda
- earn: ganar
- parade: desfile
- publish: publicar
- robbery: robo
- suspect: sospechoso
- stubborn: cabezón
- boring: aburrido
- rude: grosero
- lend: prestar
- out-of-shape: en mala forma
- gadget: aparato
- borrow: pedir prestado
- trade: intercambiar
- device: aparato
- dangerous: peligroso
- impolite: maleducado
- fit: en forma
- risky: arriesgado
- go viral: hacerse viral
- take part: participar
- take a risk: asumir un riesgo
- keep a living: mantener
- make money: ganar dinero
- inherited: heredar
- brought up: criar
- live up to the expectations: estar a la altura de las expectativas
- support: apoyar
- accomplishment: logro
- role model: modelo a seguir
- effort: esfuerzo
- allow: permitir
- disobey: desobedecer
- spoil: malcriar
- depend on: depender de
- punish: castigar
- studies abroad: estudiar en el extranjero
- fail: suspender
- encourages: animar
- requirement: requisito
- feedback: comentario
- hand in: entrega
- lectures: charla
- sign up for: inscribirse
- revise: repasar
- financial: financiero
- weakness: debilidad
- impressive: impresionante
- assignment: asignación
- generosity: generosidad
- various: varios
- worthless: no valer nada
- sensitive: sensible
- living conditions: condiciones de vida
- get involved: impulsarse
- inequality: desigualdad
- poverty: pobreza
- hunger: hambre
- unaware of: inconsciente de
- empathy: empatía
- behave: comportarse
- mandatory: obligatorio
- fair: justo
- follow rules: obedecer las reglas
- freedom of speech: libertad de expresión
- charity: caridad
- demonstration: manifestación
- refuse: negarse
- criticize: criticar
- right: derecho
- volunteer: voluntario
Preserving Old Buildings
Most countries have old buildings and structures that are historically or culturally significant. However, does this mean that all old structures must be preserved?
Arguments Against Preservation
Not all old buildings are worth preserving. Firstly, preservation is expensive, and sometimes the money is needed for other, more important projects, such as improving living conditions or building homes. Moreover, some old buildings are simply not worth preserving. For example, some homes built half a century ago may be impractical by today’s standards.
Arguments for Preservation
Certain old buildings are important. They may show us something about our country’s architectural history or be national landmarks. Some of these buildings may also be of cultural or religious significance, such as old churches, temples, and mosques. Furthermore, many of these structures are tourist attractions, and tourism is economically important to a country.
Conclusion
Although progress must also be a consideration, important buildings of our past should be a part of our modern world. Efforts should be made to preserve old buildings and structures whenever possible.
Raising the School-leaving Age
In the near future, the government will be making it compulsory for students to stay at school until they are 18. During this period, students will either continue their academic studies or do vocational training courses.
Arguments Against Raising the School-leaving Age
Schools will not be able to offer suitable vocational training for all the students who will be forced to remain in school. Moreover, the extra time in school is not likely to give these young people a better chance of finding a job. Many employers do not value the vocational qualifications given by schools. They prefer to hire young people with work experience. Finally, students who don’t want to be in school can be very disruptive in the classroom, making it difficult for teaching or learning to take place. A study shows that when the school-leaving age was raised from 14 to 16, there was a 15-20% increase in teacher absenteeism in secondary schools. This has a negative effect on the quality of education that the students receive.
Conclusion
Raising the school-leaving age to 18 will not be beneficial to the students, the level of education, or the teachers. The school-leaving age should remain 16.