English Irregular Verbs & Key Grammar Rules

Posted on Apr 4, 2025 in Hospitality and Tourism

English Irregular Verbs List (Spanish Translations)

Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle	Spanish Translation
beat	beat	beaten	golpear
become	became	become	convertirse en
begin	began	begun	empezar
bend	bent	bent	doblar(se)
bet	bet	bet	apostar
bid	bid	bid	pujar
bind	bound	bound	encuadernar
bite	bit	bitten	morder
bleed	bled	bled	sangrar
blow	blew	blown	soplar
break	broke	broken	romper
breed	bred	bred	criar
bring	brought	brought	traer
build	built	built	construir
burn	burnt / burned	burnt / burned	quemar(se)
burst	burst	burst	estallar
buy	bought	bought	comprar
cast	cast	cast	tirar
catch	caught	caught	coger
choose	chose	chosen	elegir
cling	clung	clung	aferrarse
come	came	come	venir
cost	cost	cost	costar
creep	crept	crept	arrastrar
cut	cut	cut	cortar
deal	dealt	dealt	tratar
dig	dug	dug	cavar
do	did	done	hacer
draw	drew	drawn	dibujar
dream	dreamt / dreamed	dreamt / dreamed	soñar
drink	drank	drunk	beber
drive	drove	driven	conducir
eat	ate	eaten	comer
fall	fell	fallen	caer(se)
feed	fed	fed	alimentar
feel	felt	felt	sentirse
fight	fought	fought	pelearse
find	found	found	encontrar
flee	fled	fled	huir
fly	flew	flown	volar
forbid	forbade	forbidden	prohibir
forget	forgot	forgotten	olvidar(se)
forgive	forgave	forgiven	perdonar
freeze	froze	frozen	helar(se)
get	got	got / gotten	conseguir
give	gave	given	dar
go	went	gone	irse
grind	ground	ground	moler
grow	grew	grown	crecer
hang	hung	hung	colgar
have	had	had	haber, tener
hear	heard	heard	escuchar
hide	hid	hidden	esconder(se)
hit	hit	hit	golpear
hold	held	held	agarrar(se)
hurt	hurt	hurt	hacer daño
keep	kept	kept	guardar
kneel	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled	arrodillarse
know	knew	known	saber, conocer
lay	laid	laid	poner
lead	led	led	llevar
lean	leant / leaned	leant / leaned	apoyarse
leap	leapt / leaped	leapt / leaped	brincar
learn	learnt / learned	learnt / learned	aprender
leave	left	left	dejar
lend	lent	lent	prestar
let	let	let	permitir
lie	lay	lain	echarse
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	encender(se)
lose	lost	lost	perder
make	made	made	hacer
mean	meant	meant	significar
meet	met	met	encontrar(se)
overcome	overcame	overcome	vencer
pay	paid	paid	pagar
put	put	put	poner
read	read	read	leer
ride	rode	ridden	montar
ring	rang	rung	sonar
rise	rose	risen	levantarse
run	ran	run	correr
saw	sawed	sawn / sawed	serrar
say	said	said	decir
see	saw	seen	ver
seek	sought	sought	buscar
sell	sold	sold	vender(se)
send	sent	sent	enviar
set	set	set	poner
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed	coser
shake	shook	shaken	agitar
shear	sheared	shorn / sheared	esquilar
shine	shone	shone	brillar
shoot	shot	shot	disparar
show	showed	shown / showed	mostrar
shrink	shrank	shrunk	encoger(se)
shut	shut	shut	cerrar(se)
sing	sang	sung	cantar
sink	sank	sunk	hundir(se)
sit	sat	sat	sentar(se)
sleep	slept	slept	dormir
slide	slid	slid	resbalar
smell	smelt / smelled	smelt / smelled	oler
sow	sowed	sown / sowed	sembrar
speak	spoke	spoken	hablar
speed	sped / speeded	sped / speeded	acelerar
spell	spelt / spelled	spelt / spelled	deletrear
spend	spent	spent	pasar, gastar
spill	spilt / spilled	spilt / spilled	derramar
spit	spat / spit	spat / spit	escupir
split	split	split	hender
spoil	spoilt / spoiled	spoilt / spoiled	estropear(se)
spread	spread	spread	extender(se)
stand	stood	stood	estar de pie
steal	stole	stolen	robar
stick	stuck	stuck	pegar(se)
sting	stung	stung	picar
stink	stank	stunk	apestar
strike	struck	struck / stricken	golpear
strive	strove	striven	esforzarse
swear	swore	sworn	jurar
sweep	swept	swept	barrer
swim	swam	swum	nadar
swing	swung	swung	balancear(se)
take	took	taken	tomar(se)
teach	taught	taught	enseñar
tear	tore	torn	romper(se)
tell	told	told	contar, decir
think	thought	thought	pensar
throw	threw	thrown	lanzar
tread	trod	trodden / trod	pisar
undergo	underwent	undergone	sufrir
understand	understood	understood	entender
upset	upset	upset	afligir
wake	woke	woken	despertar(se)
wear	wore	worn	llevar (puesto)
weave	wove	woven	tejer
weep	wept	wept	llorar
win	won	won	ganar
wind	wound	wound	enrollar
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	retirar(se)
wring	wrung	wrung	torcer
write	wrote	written	escribir

English Grammar Notes

Reported Speech

Basic Structure: Subject + said (that) + Subject + Conjugated Verb (tense often shifts).

Tense Changes (Direct Speech → Reported Speech)

Simple Present → Simple Past
Present Progressive → Past Progressive
Simple Past → Past Perfect
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
am/is/are going to → was/were going to
must → had to
can → could
will → would

Time and Place Expression Changes

today → that day
tonight → that night
tomorrow → the next day / the following day
yesterday → the day before / the previous day
now → then
here → there
this → that / the

Modals in the Past

Use should(n’t) have / ought to have + Past Participle to express regret or criticism about a past action.

Causative: Get/Have Something Done

Structure: Subject + get/have + object + past participle.

This structure is used when the subject arranges for someone else to do something for them.

Example: I had my car repaired. (Someone else repaired it for me.)