English Monarchy: Key Figures and Events
How was William I Known?
– William “the Conqueror”
Why was Henry II Important?
– He was the first undisputed king of England. He owned the largest territory for that time.
Why Didn’t Henry II’s Daughter, Matilda, Follow His Father?
– Because Henry had a fight with Matilda’s husband.
What’s the Relationship Between Richard I and Henry II?
– Henry was Richard’s father.
How was Richard I Known?
– Richard “the Lion Heart”
Why Do People Consider Richard I One of the Greatest Kings?
– Because he was the perfect example of what a king of that time should be.
Who Followed Richard I After His Death?
– His brother, John.
Why is John I Important?
– Because he was forced to sign the Magna Carta.
Name the Two Houses of Parliament
– The House of Lords and the House of Commons.
What’s the Difference Between Them?
– The House of Lords was formed by nobles and the House of Commons was formed by common people.
Who Created the House of Commons? Why?
– The House of Commons was created by Edward I. He created it to collect more taxes.
Why was Edward I Important?
– Because he was the first king that tried to conquer Scotland, Wales, and Ireland.
What’s the Nickname the Scottish Gave Him? Why?
– He was known as Edward “the Hammer of the Scots” because he wanted to destroy them.
Who was William Wallace? Why was He Important?
– He was the leader of a revolutionary army in Scotland. He was important because he helped to build the identity of the country.
What’s the “Sacred Stone of Destiny”?
– It was the place in which the first Scottish kings were crowned.
Name the 2 Main Reasons Why Three Quarters of the British Population Died in the 14th Century
- A) The Hundred Years War
- B) The Black Death
Which Two Countries Were Part of the “Auld Alliance”?
– Scotland and France.
Describe the “Auld Alliance”
– It was an agreement between France and Scotland that worked every time that England attacked one of them. If England attacked Scotland, the French would attack England and vice-versa.
Why was Edward III Important?
– Because he declared war against France and he created the “Code of Chivalry.”
Why Did England Declare War on France?
– Because France was menacing England’s business.
What Was the Official Reason for the War?
– Edward III was declaring his right to the French crown.
How Many Years Did the “100 Years War” Last?
– 116 years.
Why Did English Nobles Accept Going to War Against France but Didn’t Want to Participate in Wars Against Wales or Ireland?
– Because going to war against France could have benefits for them. On the other hand, war against Wales or Ireland didn’t have anything to win.
What’s “the Code of Chivalry”?
– It was the perfect way in which a knight should behave.
Why Did People Tell the Story of King Arthur and the Round Table?
– Because it was a way to spread the Code of Chivalry.
Who “Created” Chivalry? Why?
– Edward III. Because he wanted people to believe that going to war was something honorable.
Who is Considered the Iconic Figure of Chivalry?
– Edward III’s son, the “Black Prince.”
Why Didn’t the Black Prince Follow His Father After He Died?
– Because he died first.
Who was Henry VI? How Old was He When He Became King?
– He was a king of England. He was 8 months old when he became king.
Why Were There Nobles That Didn’t Want Henry VI as King?
– Because Henry VI didn’t like going to wars.
Describe the “War of the Roses”
– It was a conflict between two families of nobles, “the Lancastrians” (red rose), who supported Henry VI, and “the Yorkists” (white rose), who believed that there should be another king.
What Happened to Henry VI?
– He died in the Tower of London as a prisoner.
Who Followed Him? What Happened to Him?
– Edward IV. He was betrayed by his brother Richard.
Who Followed Him? What Happened to Him?
– Richard III. He was killed by Henry Tudor.
Who Followed Him? How was He Known After That?
– As Henry VII.