English Verb Conjugation: Regular and Irregular Verbs
Pronunciation of Regular Verbs: /t/ Sound
Regular verbs ending in /t/ sound when -ed is added.
| Infinitive | Past Tense | -ed Pronunciation | Past Participle | -ed Pronunciation | Meaning (Spanish) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To Ask | Asked | /t/ | Asked | /t/ | Preguntar |
| To Cook | Cooked | /t/ | Cooked | /t/ | Cocinar |
| To Dance | Danced | /t/ | Danced | /t/ | Bailar |
| To Develop | Developed | /t/ | Developed | /t/ | Desarrollar |
| To Dress | Dressed | /t/ | Dressed | /t/ | Vestirse |
| To Fix | Fixed | /t/ | Fixed | /t/ | Reparar/Fijar |
| To Help | Helped | /t/ | Helped | /t/ | Ayudar |
| To Jump | Jumped | /t/ | Jumped | /t/ | Saltar |
| To Kiss | Kissed | /t/ | Kissed | /t/ | Besar |
| To Knock | Knocked | /t/ | Knocked | /t/ | Golpear (puerta) |
| To Laugh | Laughed | /t/ | Laughed | /t/ | Reír |
| To Like | Liked | /t/ | Liked | /t/ | Gustar |
| To Look | Looked | /t/ | Looked | /t/ | Verse |
| To Pass | Passed | /t/ | Passed | /t/ | Pasar |
| To Practise | Practised | /t/ | Practised | /t/ | Practicar |
| To Produce | Produced | /t/ | Produced | /t/ | Producir |
| To Smoke | Smoked | /t/ | Smoked | /t/ | Fumar |
| To Stop | Stopped | /t/ | Stopped | /t/ | Detener(se)/Dejar de |
| To Talk (to) | Talked (to) | /t/ | Talked (to) | /t/ | Hablar/Conversar (con) |
| To Walk | Walked | /t/ | Walked | /t/ | Caminar |
| To Wash | Washed | /t/ | Washed | /t/ | Lavar |
| To Watch | Watched | /t/ | Watched | /t/ | Ver/Observar/Vigilar |
| To Work | Worked | /t/ | Worked | /t/ | Trabajar |
Pronunciation of Regular Verbs: /d/ Sound
Regular verbs ending in /d/ sound when -ed is added.
| Infinitive | Past Tense | -ed Pronunciation | Past Participle | -ed Pronunciation | Meaning (Spanish) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To Allow | Allowed | /d/ | Allowed | /d/ | Permitir |
| To Answer | Answered | /d/ | Answered | /d/ | Responder |
| To Appear | Appeared | /d/ | Appeared | /d/ | Aparecer |
| To Arrive | Arrived | /d/ | Arrived | /d/ | Llegar |
| To Believe | Believed | /d/ | Believed | /d/ | Creer |
| To Call | Called | /d/ | Called | /d/ | Llamar |
| To Clean | Cleaned | /d/ | Cleaned | /d/ | Limpiar |
| To Close | Closed | /d/ | Closed | /d/ | Cerrar |
| To Copy | Copied | /d/ | Copied | /d/ | Copiar |
| To Change | Changed | /d/ | Changed | /d/ | Cambiar |
| To Cry | Cried | /d/ | Cried | /d/ | Llorar/Gritar |
| To Die | Died | /d/ | Died | /d/ | Morir |
| To Discover | Discovered | /d/ | Discovered | /d/ | Descubrir |
| To Enjoy | Enjoyed | /d/ | Enjoyed | /d/ | Disfrutar |
| To Enter | Entered | /d/ | Entered | /d/ | Entrar a |
| To Erase | Erased | /d/ | Erased | /d/ | Borrar |
| To Explain | Explained | /d/ | Explained | /d/ | Explicar |
| To Follow | Followed | /d/ | Followed | /d/ | Seguir |
| To Happen | Happened | /d/ | Happened | /d/ | Suceder |
| To Improve | Improved | /d/ | Improved | /d/ | Mejorar |
| To Increase | Increased | /d/ | Increased | /d/ | Aumentar/Incrementar |
| To Live | Lived | /d/ | Lived | /d/ | Vivir |
| To Listen (to) | Listened (to) | /d/ | Listened (to) | /d/ | Escuchar |
| To Obtain | Obtained | /d/ | Obtained | /d/ | Obtener |
| To Open | Opened | /d/ | Opened | /d/ | Abrir |
| To Play | Played | /d/ | Played | /d/ | Jugar/Tocar (musica) |
| To Prepare | Prepared | /d/ | Prepared | /d/ | Preparar |
| To Receive | Received | /d/ | Received | /d/ | Recibir |
| To Repair | Repaired | /d/ | Repaired | /d/ | Reparar |
| To Smile | Smiled | /d/ | Smiled | /d/ | Sonreír |
| To Stay | Stayed | /d/ | Stayed | /d/ | Permanecer |
| To Train | Trained | /d/ | Trained | /d/ | Entrenar/Adiestrar |
| To Try | Tried | /d/ | Tried | /d/ | Tratar/Intentar |
| To Use | Used | /d/ | Used | /d/ | Usar |
Pronunciation of Regular Verbs: /ɪd/ Sound
Regular verbs ending in /ɪd/ sound when -ed is added.
| Infinitive | Past Tense | -ed Pronunciation | Past Participle | -ed Pronunciation | Meaning (Spanish) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To Act | Acted | /ɪd/ | Acted | /ɪd/ | Actuar |
| To Add | Added | /ɪd/ | Added | /ɪd/ | Añadir/Agregar |
| To Affect | Affected | /ɪd/ | Affected | /ɪd/ | Afectar |
| To Appreciate | Appreciated | /ɪd/ | Appreciated | /ɪd/ | Apreciar/Agradecer |
| To Calculate | Calculated | /ɪd/ | Calculated | /ɪd/ | Calcular |
| To Communicate | Communicated | /ɪd/ | Communicated | /ɪd/ | Comunicar |
| To Complete | Completed | /ɪd/ | Completed | /ɪd/ | Completar |
| To Connect | Connected | /ɪd/ | Connected | /ɪd/ | Conectar |
| To Decide | Decided | /ɪd/ | Decided | /ɪd/ | Decidir |
| To Divide | Divided | /ɪd/ | Divided | /ɪd/ | Dividir |
| To Invent | Invented | /ɪd/ | Invented | /ɪd/ | Inventar |
| To Invite | Invited | /ɪd/ | Invited | /ɪd/ | Invitar |
| To Land | Landed | /ɪd/ | Landed | /ɪd/ | Aterrizar |
| To Last | Lasted | /ɪd/ | Lasted | /ɪd/ | Durar |
| To Limit | Limited | /ɪd/ | Limited | /ɪd/ | Limitar |
| To List | Listed | /ɪd/ | Listed | /ɪd/ | Listar |
| To Locate | Located | /ɪd/ | Located | /ɪd/ | Ubicar |
| To Need | Needed | /ɪd/ | Needed | /ɪd/ | Necesitar |
| To Paint | Painted | /ɪd/ | Painted | /ɪd/ | Pintar |
| To Start | Started | /ɪd/ | Started | /ɪd/ | Empezar |
| To Wait | Waited | /ɪd/ | Waited | /ɪd/ | Esperar |
| To Want | Wanted | /ɪd/ | Wanted | /ɪd/ | Desear/Querer/Necesitar |
Irregular Verbs
Some irregular verbs have the same form in the infinitive, the past tense, and the past participle:
| Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle | Meaning (Spanish) |
|---|---|---|---|
| To Cut | Cut | Cut | Cortar |
| To Hit | Hit | Hit | Golpear/Acertar |
| To Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Lastimar/Herir |
| To Put | Put | Put | Poner |
| To Read | Read /red/ | Read /red/ | Leer |
| To Set | Set | Set | Establecer/Poner |
| To Shut | Shut | Shut | Cerrar |
Some irregular verbs are the same in two of the three forms:
| Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle | Meaning (Spanish) |
|---|---|---|---|
| To Beat | Beat | Beaten | Golpear/Vencer |
| To Become | Became | Become | Llegar a ser/Tornarse |
| To Bleed | Bled | Bled | Sangrar/Destilar |
| To Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer |
| To Build | Built | Built | Construir |
| To Burn | Burnt (or Burned) | Burnt (or Burned) | Quemar |
| To Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar |
| To Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger/Cazar |
| To Come | Came | Come | Venir |
| To Dare | Durst (or Dared) | Durst (or Dared) | Atreverse |
| To Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Comerciar/Tratar |
| To Dream | Dreamt (or Dreamed) | Dreamt (or Dreamed) | Soñar |
| To Feel | Felt | Felt | Sentir |
| To Fight | Fought | Fought | Pelear |
| To Find | Found | Found | Encontrar |
| To Get | Got | Got (or Gotten) | Obtener / Conseguir |
| To Have | Had | Had | Tener |
| To Hear | Heard | Heard | Oír |
| To Hold | Held | Held | Sostener |
| To Keep | Kept | Kept | Mantener/Guardar |
| To Kneel | Knelt | Knelt | Arrodillarse |
| To Lay | Laid | Laid | Poner / Colocar |
| To Lead | Led | Led | Guiar / Ir a la cabeza |
| To Learn | Learnt (or Learned) | Learnt (or Learned) | Aprender |
| To Leave | Left | Left | Dejar/Partir |
| To Lend | Lent | Lent | Prestar |
| To Lose | Lost | Lost | Perder |
| To Make | Made | Made | Hacer/ Construir |
| To Mean | Meant | Meant | Significar/Querer decir |
| To Meet | Met | Met | Encontrar/Satisfacer |
| To Pay | Paid | Paid | Pagar |
| To Run | Ran | Run | Correr |
| To Say | Said | Said | Decir |
| To Send | Sent | Sent | Enviar |
| To Sell | Sold | Sold | Vender |
| To Shine | Shone | Shone | Brillar |
| To Shoot | Shot | Shot | Disparar |
| To Sit | Sat | Sat | Sentarse |
| To Sleep | Slept | Slept | Dormir |
| To Smell | Smelt (or Smelled) | Smelt (or Smelled) | Oler |
| To Speed | Sped | Sped | Apresurarse/Darse prisa |
| To Spell | Spelt (or Spelled) | Spelt (or Spelled) | Deletrear |
| To Spend | Spent | Spent | Gastar |
| To Spit | Spat | Spat | Escupir/Chisporrotear |
| To Spoil | Spoilt (or Spoiled) | Spoilt (or Spoiled) | Deteriorar (se)/Dañarse |
| To Stand | Stood | Stood | Estar de pie/Tolerar |
| To Strike | Struck | Struck | Golpear/Acertar |
| To Swing | Swung | Swung | Columpiarse/Balancearse |
| To Teach | Taught | Taught | Enseñar |
| To Tell | Told | Told | Decir/ Narrar |
| To Think | Thought | Thought | Pensar |
| To Understand | Understood | Understood | Entender |
| To Win | Won | Won | Ganar |
Irregular Verbs with Three Different Forms
Some irregular verbs are different in all three forms:
INFINITIVE
PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
MEANING
TO AWAKE
TO BE
TO BEGIN
TO BITE
TO BREAK
TO CHOOSE
TO DO
TO DRAW
TO DRINK
TO DRIVE
TO EAT
TO FALL
TO FLY
TO FORBID
TO FORGET
TO FORGIVE
TO FREEZE
TO GIVE
TO GO
TO GROW
TO HIDE
TO KNOW
TO LIE
TO RIDE
TO RISE
TO SEE
TO SHOW
TO SING
TO SPEAK
TO STEAL
TO SWEAR
TO SWIM
TO TAKE
TO WAKE
TO WEAR
TO WRITE
AWOKE
WAS / WERE
BEGAN
BIT
BROKE
CHOSE
DID
DREW
DRANK
DROVE
ATE
FELL
FLEW
FORBADE
FORGOT
FORGAVE
FROZE
GAVE
WENT
GREW
HID
KNEW
LAY
RODE
ROSE
SAW
SHOWED
SANG
SPOKE
STOLE
SWEPT
SWAM
TOOK
WOKE
WORE
WROTE
AWOKEN
BEEN
BEGUN
BITTEN
BROKEN
CHOSEN
DONE
DRAWN
DRUNK
DRIVEN
EATEN
FALLEN
FLOWN
FORBIDDEN
FORGOTTEN
FORGIVEN
FROZEN
GIVEN
GONE
GROWN
HIDDEN
KNOWN
LAIN
RIDDEN
RISEN
SEEN
SHOWN
SUNG
SPOKEN
STOLEN
SWORN
SWUM
TAKEN
WAKEN
WORN
WRITTEN
DESPERTAR
SER/ESTAR
COMENZAR/EMPEZAR
MORDER
ROMPER/QUEBRAR
ESCOGER
HACER
DIBUJAR/TIRAR
BEBER
MANEJAR/CONDUCIR
COMER
CAER
VOLAR
PROHIBIR
OLVIDAR
PERDONAR
CONGELAR/HELAR
DAR
IR
CRECER
ESCONDER
SABER/CONOCER
YACER/ACOSTAR
MONTAR/CABALGAR
LEVANTARSE/SALIR SOL
VER
MOSTRAR
CANTAR
HABLAR
ROBAR
JURAR
NADAR
TOMAR
DESPERTAR
USAR/GASTAR
ESCRIBIR