English Verb Tenses and Reported Speech
Passive Voice
- Present Simple: CD + is/are + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Present Continuous: CD + is/are + being + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Past Simple: CD + was/were + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Past Continuous: CD + was/were + being + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Present Perfect: CD + has/have + been + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Past Perfect: CD + had been + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Future Simple: CD + will be + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
- Modals: CD + “modal” be + (3ªc/-ed) + by…
Verbs
- Present Simple (I play): work/works, don’t/doesn’t, do/does
- Present Continuous (I am playing): is/are + ing, aren’t/isn’t + ing, is/are…+ ing
- Past Simple (I played): 2ªc/-ed, didn’t, did
- Past Continuous (I was playing): was/were + ing, wasn’t/weren’t + ing, was/were…+ ing
- Past Perfect (I had played): had + 2ªc/-ed, hadn’t + 2ªc/-ed, had…+ 2ªc/-ed
- Present Perfect (I have played): has/have + 3ªc/-ed, hasn’t/haven’t + 3ªc/-ed, has/have… + 3ªc/-ed
- Future Simple (I will play): will, won’t, will…
- Future Continuous (I will be playing): will be + ing, won’t be + ing, will… be + ing
- Future Perfect (I will have played): will have + 3ªc/-ed, won’t have + 3ªc/-ed, will… have + 3ªc/-ed
- Be going to (I am going to play): is/are going to, isn’t/aren’t going to, is/are… going to
- Used to (I used to): used to, didn’t use to, did use to
Conditional Sentences
- 1st Conditional (can/may): if/unless + present simple + future simple
Expresses things that will occur if the indicated action is fulfilled.
– If I don’t save, I won’t buy the gift.
- 2nd Conditional (could/might): if/unless + past simple + (would + infinitive)
For hypothetical situations, normally impossible.
– If I were the boss of McDonald’s, I would be rich.
- 3rd Conditional: if/unless + past perfect + (would have 3ªc/-ed)
Situations of regret for something from the past that should have happened, but that is now impossible.
– If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have studied.
Specifiers
- who: who (people)
- which: which (things)
- whose: whose (possession)
- where: where (place)
- when: when (time)
- what: what
- how often: how often
- while: while
- a few: a few
- how long: how long
Reported Speech
Reported Speech
Present Simple >>>>>>>> Past Simple
Present Continuous >>>>>>Past Continuous
Present Perfect>>>>>>>Past Perfect (had + past participle)
Present Perfect Continuous>>>>>>Past Perfect Continuous (had+been + past participle)
Past Simple >>>>>>>>>>>Past Perfect
Past Continuous>>>>>>>>>>>Past Perfect Continuous
Future “will” >>>>>>>> Modal Verb “would”
May >>>>>>>>>> Might
Can >>>>>>>>>> Could
Must>>>>>>>>> Had to
Some Remain the Same
Should >>>>>>>>>Should
Might>>>>>>>>>Might
When we change a sentence from direct to indirect speech, we have to take into account a series of changes that we will have to make: 1. Verb tenses 2. Time and place expressions 3. Pronouns (using logic)
Examples
Present Simple
We eat healthy food ———She said (that) they ate healthy food
Present Continuous
We are eating healthy food——–She told him (that) they were eating healthy food
Present Perfect
We have eaten healthy food ——-She said that they had eaten healthy food
Present Perfect Continuous
We have been eating healthy food——–She told me (that) they had been eating healthy food
Past Simple
We ate healthy food—–She said (that) they had eaten healthy food
Past Continuous
We were eating healthy food—–She told me (that) they had been eating healthy food
Future Simple
We will eat healthy food—–She said that they would eat healthy food