English Verb Tenses, Conditionals, and Irregular Verbs
English Verb Tenses and Conditionals
Passive Voice
- Present Simple: am, is, are + past participle
- Present Continuous: am, is, are + being + past participle
- Present Perfect: have, has + been + past participle
- Past Simple: was, were + past participle
- Past Continuous: was, were + being + past participle
- Past Perfect: had + been + past participle
- Future Simple: will + be + past participle
- Future Perfect: will + have + been + past participle
Passive Voice with “Have”
(When someone does something for you) have/get (conjugated) + object + past participle
Opinion Passives
The first verb uses is/are. The second verb can be is/are or to be.
Conditionals
- First Conditional (real possibility): If + present simple, will/can/must + infinitive verb
- Second Conditional (unlikely or hypothetical): If + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive verb
- Third Conditional (past hypothetical): If + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle
- Zero Conditional (general truths): If + present, present
Reported Speech
- Present Simple – Past Simple
- Present Continuous – Past Continuous
- Present Perfect – Past Perfect
- Past Simple – Past Perfect
- Past Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous
- Past Perfect – Past Perfect
- Future (will) – Future (would)
- Today – That day
- Tonight – That night
- Yesterday – The day before
- Now – That moment
- Last (week) – (Week) before
- This – That
- These – Those
- Here – There
Relative Pronouns
- Who: people
- Which: things
- That: people and things
- Whose: possessive
- Where: places
Verbs Followed by “to” + Infinitive
Afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, care, choose, consent, dare, decide, demand, deserve, expect, fail, happen, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, swear, tend, threaten, volunteer, vow, wait, want, wish
Verbs Followed by “-ing”
Admit, adore, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, commence, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, dread, endure, enjoy, face, fancy, finish, go, imagine, involve, keep, lie, loathe, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, report, resent, resist, risk, sit, stand, suggest, can’t bear, can’t help, can’t stand, go, spend time/money, no good, no use, not worth
Verbs Followed by “-ing” or “to” + Infinitive
- Come + -ing (some kind of movement) / + to (start doing something)
- Go on + -ing (continue) / + to (start something new)
- Stop + -ing (cease an action) / + to (interrupt an action)
- Remember/Forget + -ing (past) / + to (future and present)
- Mean + -ing (signify) / + to (intend)
Irregular Verbs
– Be was/were been (ser/estar)
– Become became become (convertirse en)
– Begin began begun (empezar)
– Bet bet bet (apostar)
– Bite bit bitten (morder)
– Blow blew blown (soplar)
– Break broke broken (romper)
– Bring brought brought (traer)
– Build built built (construir)
– Buy bought bought (comprar)
– Can could been able to (poder)
– Catch caught caught (coger)
– Choose chose chosen (elegir)
– Come came come (venir)
– Cost cost cost (costar)
– Cut cut cut (cortar)
– Do did done (hacer)
– Draw drew drawn (dibujar)
– Dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed (soñar)
– Drink drank drunk (beber)
– Drive drove driven (conducir)
– Eat ate eaten (comer)
– Fall fell fallen (caer)
– Feed fed fed (dar de comer)
– Feel felt felt (sentirse)
– Fight fought fought (pelearse)
– Find found found (encontrar)
– Fly flew flown (volar)
– Forget forgot forgotten (olvidar)
– Get got got/gotten (conseguir)
– Give gave given (dar)
– Go went gone (ir)
– Grow grew grown (crecer)
– Hang hung hung (colgar)
– Have had had (tener)
– Hear heard heard (oir)
– Hide hid hidden (esconder)
– Hit hit hit (pegar)
– Hold held held (sostener)
– Hurt hurt hurt (herir)
– Keep kept kept (mantener)
– Kneel knelt/kneeled knelt/kneeled (arrodillarse)
– Know knew known (saber/conocer)
– Lay laid laid (colocar)
– Lead led led (dirigir)
– Learn learnt/learned learnt/learned (aprender)
– Leave left left (abandonar)
– Lend lent lent (dejar prestado)
– Let let let (dejar/permitir)
– Lie lay lain (mentir/acostarse)
– Lose lost lost (perder)
– Make made made (hacer)
– Meet met met (conocer/encontrarse)
– Must had to had to (deber)
– Pay paid paid (pagar)
– Put put put (poner)
– Read read read (leer)
– Ride rode ridden (montar en bici)
– Ring rang rung (sonar)
– Run ran run (correr)
– Say said said (decir)
– See saw seen (ver)
– Sell sold sold (vender)
– Send sent sent (enviar)
– Set set set (colocar)
– Shake shook shaken (agitar)
– Shine shone shone (brillar)
– Shoot shot shot (disparar)
– Show showed shown/showed (enseñar)
– Shut shut shut (cerrar)
– Sing sang sung (cantar)
– Sink sank sunk (hundirse)
– Sit sat sat (sentarse)
– Sleep slept slept (dormir)
– Slide slid slid (deslizar)
– Speak spoke spoken (hablar)
– Spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled (deletrear)
– Spend spent spent (gastar)
– Split split split (dividir)
– Spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled (arruinar/mimar)
– Spread spread spread (extenderse)
– Stand stood stood (estar de pie)
– Steal stole stolen (robar)
– Stick stuck stuck (pegar con cola)
– Strike struck struck (golpear)
– Swim swam swum (nadar)
– Take took taken (coger)
– Teach taught taught (enseñar asignatura)
– Tear tore torn (rasgar)
– Tell told told (decir)
– Think thought thought (pensar)
– Throw threw thrown (lanzar)
– Understand understood understood (entender)
– Wake woke woken (despertarse)
– Wear wore worn (llevar puesto)
– Win won won (ganar)
– Write wrote written (escribir)