English Verb Tenses, Conditionals, Passive Voice, and More
English Verb Tenses Summary
Present Simple: Subject + verb (3rd person singular +s).
Present Continuous: am/is/are + verb-ing.
Past Simple: Verb + -ed (or irregular verb, 2nd column), didn’t (for negatives). Used with time expressions like *when*.
Past Continuous: was/were + verb-ing. Often used with *while*.
Present Perfect: have/has + verb + -ed (or irregular verb, 3rd column).
Past Perfect: had + verb + -ed (or irregular verb, 3rd column).
Past Perfect Continuous: had + been + verb-ing.
Future Simple: will + base form of the verb.
Conditional Sentences
1st Conditional: if + present simple, will + infinitive.
2nd Conditional: if + past simple, would + infinitive.
3rd Conditional: if + past perfect (had + past participle), would + have + past participle.
Passive Voice
Present Simple: is/are + past participle (3rd column or -ed).
Present Continuous: is/are + being + past participle.
Past Simple: was/were + past participle.
Past Continuous: was/were + being + past participle.
Present Perfect: has/have + been + past participle.
Past Perfect: had + been + past participle.
Past Perfect Continuous: *had been being* + past participle. (Note: This form is rarely used.)
Future Simple: will + be + past participle.
Modal ‘would’: would + be + past participle.
Changes in reported speech:
- this/these → that/those
- today → that day
- now → then
- yesterday → the day before
- I → he/she
- me → him/her
- we → they
- us → them
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
Verb tense changes:
- Present Simple → Past Simple
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- Past Simple → Past Perfect
- Past Perfect → Past Perfect (no change)
- Will → Would
- Be going to → Was/Were going to
- Can → Could
- Must → Had to
- May → Might
- Tomorrow → The next day
- Yesterday → The day before
- Today → That day
- Now → Then
- This → That
- Here → There
- These → Those
For orders, use “to + infinitive.” For suggestions, use the verb-ing form.
The Significance of Historical Events
1.a- I believe it’s crucial to commemorate historical events in Spain because they represent significant dates in our history. Many people value learning from our history, while others disagree, suggesting that history tends to repeat itself. As far as I’m concerned, studying history fosters a change in mentality and significant progress. It shapes us and allows us to learn from past mistakes. For this reason, we have events to remember what happened. In conclusion, it’s beneficial to have dates to remember, although there are varying opinions on the matter.
3-a Sir, th. (Possibly meant “Sir/Madam”)
b- Fancy.
c- Circulated.
4- If I were you, I would go to New York because you’ll meet new friends.
5- a- It’s too new; nothing will happen in the young nation.
b- He said that they considered July 4th, 1776, as a date that represented the Declaration of Independence.
2 a. No, he doesn’t (1st paragraph).
b- Affirmative… in 1870…
The Importance of Learning a Foreign Language
1-a- Yes, I do. I believe it’s necessary to learn a foreign language nowadays because it’s very important for our lives. Firstly, I want to emphasize that learning a foreign language requires time and dedication. Secondly, when you travel to a different country, learning the local language will help you communicate and integrate with the local community. To be honest, if you do so, you will demonstrate your interest in the new country. In conclusion, I would like to speak English perfectly.
2-a, Yes, it does. Nowadays, when you move…
b- Yes, he does. If your work involves…
3-a- Persuasion.
b- Involves.
c- Resorts.
5-a- If you had relatives or friends who spoke a different language, learning that language would have helped you communicate with them.
b- She said that if one moved to a different country in those days, learning the local language would help one to communicate with the local community.