English Verb Tenses, Vocabulary, and Grammar
Verb Tenses: Active and Passive Voice
| Verb Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Present Simple | Write, writes | Am, is, are written |
| Present Continuous | Am, is, are writing | Am, is, are being written |
| Past Simple | Wrote | Was, were written |
| Past Continuous | Was, were writing | Was, were being written |
| Present Perfect Simple | Have, has written | Have, has been written |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Have, has been writing | Have, has been being written |
| Past Perfect Simple | Had written | Had been written |
| Simple Future | Will write | Will be written |
| “Going to” Future | Am, is, are going to write | Am, is, are going to be written |
| Modal Verbs: |
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Vocabulary
To get: pocket money, a salary, a wage
To have: a bank account, cash (coins, banknotes), a checkbook, a credit card, a debit card (or cash card), savings.
Verbs with money: To borrow, earn, lend, make, raise, save, spend, win.
Other words: Landmines, worn, thigh, zip, buckles, ankle.
Materials: velvet, leather, bronze, cloth, copper, glass, gold, iron, metal, paper, plastic, silver, stone, tin, wood.
Numbers and Math
Large Numbers:
- One million: 1,000,000
- Six hundred and fifty-three: 653
- Three billion: 3,000,000,000
- Three hundred thousand: 300,000
Decimals:
- 1.7: one point seven
- 6.28: six point two eight
Fractions:
- 1/2: a half
- 1/5: a fifth
- 1/4: a quarter
- 1/10: a tenth
- 1/3: a third
Estimates: about a million, between 30 and 40, nearly 70%, over a third.
Comparison: twice, three times as many/as much.
Landscape
Forest, glacier, lake, marsh, mountain, river, hill, island, swamp, waterfall.
Word Builder
- Rocky, high, snow-capped mountain
- Deep, freshwater lake
- Beautiful, breathtaking sight
- Pine, rain, thick, dense forest
- Exotic, rare animals
- Common, endangered species
- Loud, deafening noise
- Bad, cold, good, hot weather
- Light, heavy rain
- Amazing, small, wide variety
Other: Extremely refreshing, rather long, quite nice.
The Environment
Recycling, pollution, global warming, greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide, climate change, deforestation, drought, energy-saving light bulbs, flood, fossil fuels, hybrid cars, organic vegetables, renewable energy, solar energy, wind farms.
Get or Take
- Get a good deal, a decent wage, get holidays.
- Take a look at something, take an hour, take photos.
Clothes
Style: Alternative, casual, cool, designer, formal, old-fashioned, scruffy, smart, stylish, tasteless, trendy.
Type: Ankle-length, knee-length, mini skirt/dress, baggy, narrow, tight, torn trousers/jeans, long-sleeved, short-sleeved, sleeveless, shirt, blouse, T-shirt, top, polo-neck, round neck, V-neck, flat, high-heeled, pointed shoes/boots.
Design: Checked, plain, polka-dot.
Looks: Attractive, beautiful, cute, elegant, not very good-looking, stylish, unattractive.
Women: Glamorous, pretty.
Men: Handsome.
Prepositions in Common Phrases
On the move, in exchange for, in trouble, on her own, out of work, by herself, by chance, with months, around/all over the world, for a woman.
Verbs and Prepositions
Believe in, rely on, protect on, deal with, depend on, belong to, suffer from, have something to do with, refer to, return from/to, use as/with, consist of.