English Vocabulary and Grammar Guide
Prepositions
Blessed with, responsible for the damage, connect with long-lost, sympathised with, recover from a broken heart, contributes to most
Phrasal Verbs
Settle down: establecerse, fijar
Handed down: heredar
Brought about: ocasionar/ provocar
Open up: sincerarse
Wind down: relajarse
Broke up: romper/ terminar
Fall apart: derrumbarse
Fell for: enamorarse de
Word Formation
Fashionable: unfashionable
Thrill: Thrilling
Essence: essential
Pursue: pursuit
Exact: Exactly
Concentrate: Concentration
Know: knowledge
Satisfy: satisfaction
Value: Valuable
Price: Priceless
Hobbies
Go: Dancing, Fishing, Hiking, Climbing
Do: Swimming, Crossword puzzles, Extreme sports, Hiking, Model Making, Photography, Stamp collecting, T’ai chi
Play: Chess, Computer Games, Golf, a musical instrument
Moods and Feelings
Pleased: satisfied
Upset: devastated
Sad: depressed
Happy: content
Selfish: self-centered
Frightened: petrified
Calm: relaxed
Activities
1.
a) Renovate: renovar
b) Improve: mejorar
c) Restore: restablecer
d) Value: valorar
2.
a) Redundant: redundante
b) Worthless: despreciable
c) Laid off: despedido
d) Extra: de más
3.
a) Follow: seguir
b) Pursue my goals: perseguir
c) Seek: buscar
d) Attempt: intentar
4.
a) Prompted: provocar
b) Prolonged: prolongar
c) Progressed: progresar
d) Get Promoted: promovido
5.
a) Satisfy: satisfacer
b) Deserve: merecer
c) Accept: aceptar
d) Fulfil your dreams: cumplir
6.
a) Costly: costoso
b) My gap year was Invaluable: inestimable
c) Priceless: no tiene precio
d) Worth: valor
Activity 1
Developed→ evolved
Help→ assistance
Depressed→ disheartened
Gladly accepted→ embraced
Helpful→ beneficial
Moderate→ mild
Activity 2
Handle: Manejar
Deal: Trato
Take care: cuidarse
Couple sort: Tipo de pareja
Perceived: Percibido
Recognise: Reconocer
Distinguish: Distinguir
Activity 3
Serve a function
To a large extent
From time to time
To push sb to the limit
Daily life
The heart beats
Vocabulary
Bored: Aburrido
Frustrated: Frustrado
Happy: Feliz
Have an open mouth and raised eyebrows: surprised
Insecure: Inseguro
Puzzled: Perplejo (estar confuso y no saber que decir)
Sad: Triste
Scared: Asustado
Surprised: Sorprendido
Tense: Tenso
To have a broad smile: bored
Widow: viuda
Angry: Enojado
Bite your bottom lip: tense
Bite your nails: scared
Divorced: divorciado
Engaged: prometido
Gap year: año sabático
Lower corners of your mouth: sad
Past my prime: etapa de receso
Point your finger at somebody: angry
Pregnant: embarazada
Scratch your head: puzzled
Scratch your neck: frustrated
Senior citizens: persona de la tercera edad/jubilado
Stand with crossed legs: relaxed
To have folded arms: insecure
Toddler: niño pequeño que empieza a andar
Upbringing: crianza
Voting age: edad mínima para votar
Yawn: bored
Vocabulary 2
accomplishment: logro
beneficial: beneficioso
by far: con mucho, de sobras
chronic: crónico
circumstances: circunstancias
counsellor: consejero
cure: curar
disease: enfermedad
disheartened: descorazonado
distinguish: distinguir
effect: efecto
embrace: abarcar
ensure: asegurar
evolve: evolucionar
flow: fluir
functional: funcional
handle: manejar
hormone: hormona
Immune system: sistema inmunitario
industry: industria
inescapable: ineludible
loud and clear: alto y claro
mild: leve
minimise: minimizar
neurological disease: enfermedad neurologica
practitioner: facultativo
professional assistance: asistencia profesional
push sb/sth to the limit: llevar alguien/algo al limite
risk: riesgo
secrete: secretar
sensation: sensación
serve a function: cumplir una función
take a heavy toll: pasar un alto precio
workout: ejercicio
Clauses of Reasons
Because: I took a taxi because it was raining
As/ since: She paid by credit card as/ since she didn’t have much money
The reason for + noun/ -ing form: The reason for his delay was that he had missed the bus.
The reason why + clause: The reason why he was late was the fact that he had missed the bus.
because of/ on account of/ due to+noun: She came to work late because of/ on account of the heavy traffic.
Because of/ on account of/ due to the fact that + clause: Tony asked for a few days off because of/ on account of the heavy traffic.
Now (that) + clause: Now (that) they have moved to a new house, they have more room.
For= because ( in informal written style): She bought a new dress, for she to go to a party.
Modals
OBLIGATION / DUTY: Must, Have to, should/ought to
ABSENCE OF NECESSITY: Don’t have to/ don’t need to/ needn’t
PERMISSION / PROHIBITION: Can, may, mustn’t, can’t
ADVICE: Should, ought to
POSSIBILITY: Can, could, May, Might
ABILITY / INABILITY: Can, could, was able to
OFFERS / SUGGESTIONS: Can, would, shall, could
PROBABILITY: Will, should/ Ought to
DEDUCTIONS: Must, may/ Might, can’t, could, couldn’t