English Vocabulary and Grammar: Jobs, Nature, Travel, Tenses
Jobs
- Actor /æktə/ – Actor / Actriz
- Artist /’ɑːtɪst/ – Artista
- Astronaut /’æstrənɔːt/ – Astronauta
- Author /ɔːˈθɔːr/ – Autor/a
- Businessperson /bɪznəspɜːsn/ – Empresario/a, Persona de negocios
- Cleaner /kliːnə/ – Limpiador/a
- Dentist /’dentɪst/ – Dentista
- Driver /draɪvə/ – Conductor/a
- Firefighter /faɪəfaɪtə/ – Bombero/a
- Footballer /fʊtbɔːlə/ – Futbolista
- Hairdresser /’heədresə/ – Peluquero/a
- Lawyer /lɔːjə/ – Abogado/a
- Librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ – Bibliotecario/a
- Mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ – Mecánico/a
- Musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/ – Músico/a
- Nurse /nɜːs/ – Enfermero/a
- Photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə/ – Fotógrafo/a
- Pilot /paɪlət/ – Piloto
- Salesperson /seɪlzpɜːsn/ – Dependiente/a, Vendedor/a
- Singer /sɪŋə/ – Cantante
- Tour guide /tʊə ɡaɪd/ – Guía turístico/a
- Waiter /weɪtə/ – Camarero
Animals
- Beak /biːk/ – Pico
- Claw /klɔː/ – Garra
- Endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ – En peligro de extinción
- Exotic /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ – Exótico/a
- Feather /ˈfeðə/ – Pluma
- Fin /fɪn/ – Aleta
- Fur /fɜːr/- Pelo / Pelaje
- Wing /wɪŋ/ – Ala
- Protected /prəˈtektɪd/ – Protegido/a
- Whisker /ˈwɪskə/ – Bigote
- Poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ – Venenoso/a
- Paw /pɔː/ – Pata; Zarpa
- Tusk /tʌsk/ – Colmillo
- Trunk /trʌŋk/ – Trompa
- Horn /hɔːn/ – Cuerno
- Tail /teɪl/ – Cola
- Harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ – Inofensivo/a
- Species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ – Especie/s
- Giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ – Gigante, Gigantesco/a
- Skin /skɪn/ – Piel
Travel
- Accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ – Alojamiento
- Backpack /ˈbækpæk/ – Mochila
- Pack your bag /pæk jɔː bæɡ/ – Hacer la maleta
- Build a campfire /bɪld ə ˈkæmpfaɪə/ – Hacer una hoguera
- Plan a route /plæn ə ruːt/ – Planificar / Planear una ruta
- Campsite /ˈkæmpsaɪt/ – Camping
- Find a ride /faɪnd ə raɪd/ – Encontrar a alguien que te lleve
- Put up a tent /pʊt ʌp ə tent/ – Montar una tienda de campaña
- Set out /set aʊt/ – Salir, Partir
- Signpost /ˈsaɪnpəʊst/ – Poste indicador
- Go backpacking /ɡəʊ ˈbækpækɪŋ/ – Hacer excursionismo de mochila
- Sleeping bag /ˈsliːpɪŋ bæɡ/ – Saco de dormir
- Hitchhike /ˈhɪtʃhaɪk/ – Hacer autostop
- Spend the night /spend ðə naɪt/ – Pasar la noche / Hacer noche
- Trail /treɪl/ – Camino, Sendero
Nature
- Air /eə/ – Aire
- Beach /biːtʃ/ – Playa
- Canyon /ˈkænjən/ – Cañón
- Coast /kəʊst/ – Costa
- Countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ – Campo
- Desert /ˈdezət/ – Desierto
- Field /fiːld/ – Campo; Prado
- Flower /ˈflaʊə/ – Flor
- Forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ – Bosque
- Grass /ɡrɑːs/ – Hierba, Césped
- Ground /ɡraʊnd/ – Suelo, Tierra
- Hill /hɪl/ – Colina
- Island /ˈaɪlənd/ – Isla
- Lake /leɪk/ – Lago
- Leaf / Leaves /liːf/ /liːvz/ – Hoja/s
- Mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ – Montaña
- Ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ – Océano
- Path /pɑːθ/ – Camino, Sendero
- Planet /ˈplænɪt/ – Planeta
- Rainforest /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ – Bosque / Selva tropical
- River /ˈrɪvə/ – Río
- Rock /rɒk/ – Roca
- Sand dune /ˈsænd djuːn/ – Duna
- Sky /skaɪ/ – Cielo
- Star /stɑː/ – Estrella
- Tree /triː/ – Árbol
- Valley /ˈvæli/ – Valle
- Volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ – Volcán
- Waterfall /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ – Cascada, Catarata
Past Simple
Form: Subject + Regular verb-ed or Irregular verb (V2 form, Past Simple)
Use:
- Finished time
- We lived in Japan from 1995-1998. (a time period that started and ended in the past)
- Definite time
- I saw the Eiffel Tower in 2007.
- Series of finished actions
- Firstly, he read the book and then he watched the movie.
- Repeated actions
- He went to the cinema every weekend last year.
Time Phrases:
- Yesterday
- Ago
- Last
- In 1994, etc.
- In the 20th century, etc.
- In July, etc.
- On Monday, etc.
Present Perfect
Subject + Have/Has + Regular verb-ed or Irregular verb (V3 form, Past Participle)
Use:
- Unfinished time
- I’ve worked as a teacher since 2011. (a time period that started in the past and continues until now)
- Indefinite time
- I have seen the Eiffel Tower.
- Experience
- Have you ever seen this movie?
- Result
- She has already watched this movie 3 times.
Time Phrases:
- Already
- Just
- Yet
- Ever
- Never
- For
- Since
Forms:
- Positive: Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle. Example: I have tried sushi.
- Negative: Subject + Have not (Haven’t) / Has not (Hasn’t) + Past Participle. Example: I have not tried sushi.
- Interrogative: Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle? Example: Have you tried sushi?
Uses:
- To express things you have done in your life. Example: She has never studied Japanese.
- To express the number of times you have done something. Example: How many times have you tried to call her?
- To describe recently completed actions which are important now. Example: I have some bad news. I’ve lost my job.
- To express situations that started in the past and are still true. Example: I’ve known James for 4 or 5 years.
- To describe unfinished actions or situations. Example: I’ve read half of the book.
- To express present result. Example: John has missed the bus, so he’ll be late.