English Vocabulary and Grammar: Units 3 & 4
Unit 3 Vocabulary
- Achievement: Logro
- Gets things wrong sometimes: A veces se equivoca
- Weakness: Debilidad
- Overcome: Superar
- Strength: Fuerza
- Challenging: Desafiante
- Satisfying: Satisfactorio
- Goals: Objetivos
Looking for a Job
- Part-time: Media jornada
- Adverts: Anuncios
- Positions: Puesto de trabajo
- Application form: Solicitud
- Wages: Salario
- Employer: Empresa / Empleador
- Ads: Anuncios
- Applied for: Solicitar
- Make it: Lo consiguen
- Come to nothing: No llegar a nada
- Make headway: Progresar
- Go places: Tener éxito
Conditionals
Zero Conditional
If + present simple, present simple
USE:
To talk about things that are generally true. Example: If water reaches 0ºC, it freezes.
Situations that lead to consequences. Example: If I feel tired, I go to bed early.
First Conditional
If + present simple, will + infinitive (If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home)
USE:
Probable situations in the future. (Example: If I have time tonight, I’ll help you)
Making promises or giving warnings. (Example: If you cook dinner, I’ll do the washing up)
Second Conditional
If + past simple, would + infinitive
USE:
To talk about impossible things in the present. That is, “If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t work” (but you are not a millionaire).
Imaginary or improbable things in the future. (Example: If I won the lottery, I’d have a big party for all my friends.)
Third Conditional
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
USE:
We think about other ways of having done things, and what would have happened. “If I had done this, the other thing…”
Example: If I had got to the airport on time, I wouldn’t have missed the plane.
Unless (a menos que… / si… no)
- If + affirmative verb = unless + negative verb
- If + negative verb = unless + affirmative verb
Unit 4 Vocabulary
- Foreign: Extranjero
- Official languages: Lenguas oficiales
- Custom: Costumbre
- Culture shock: Choque cultural
- Hometown: Ciudad natal
- Mother tongue: Idioma materno
- Homesick: Nostálgico
- Abroad: En el extranjero
- Inhabitants: Habitantes
- Expatriates: Expatriados
- Borders: Fronteras
- Currency: Moneda
Grammar: Relative Clauses
Who, Which, Where, and When
Who: Persona
Which: Cosa
Where: Lugar
When: Tiempo
That
→ You can interchange when, who, which, and where for that.
(Example: I remember the day when I started school. → I remember the day that I started school.)
→ This is the house where we lived. –> This is the house that we lived in.
Whose (refers to possession, “cuyo”)
→( They are the children whose mother is a famous singer. )
Be careful with “who’s”!
Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses
Defining → Gives essential but not specific information. We don’t know which person, thing, place, or moment the speaker is referring to. There are no commas.
Example: She’s the singer who visited my school.
Non-defining → Gives extra information. We know which person, thing, place, or moment the speaker is referring to. There are commas.
Example: The tickets, which cost over $50 each, are available online.
Vocabulary: Travel
Types of journey:
- Travel: The activity of traveling in general.
- Crossing: Traveling from A to B.
- Trip: Traveling from A to B and back.
- Journey: Traveling a short distance across water.
- Voyage: Traveling by sea or in space for a long time.
- Flight: Traveling by plane.
Airport Vocabulary:
- Check-in desk: Mostrador de facturación
- Departure lounge: Sala de embarque
- Boarding gate: Puerta de embarque
- Passport control: Control de pasaportes
- Baggage reclaim: Recogida de equipajes
- Arrivals hall: Sala de llegadas
Verbs:
- Set off: Salir
- Stop off: Detenerse
- Drop off: Dejar
- Go away: Marcharse
- All-inclusive: Todo incluido