English Vocabulary, Grammar, and Conversation Practice
English Vocabulary and Phrases
Common Words and Definitions
Fishmonger: Someone who sells fish.
Drummer: Someone who plays a drum.
Plump: The sound of a sudden heavy fall.
Midwife: Woman skilled in aiding the delivery of babies.
Finish Line: Line indicating the location of the finish of a race.
Spoon: Piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle; used to stir, serve, or take up food.
Grocer: Retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies).
Luggage: A case used to carry belongings when traveling.
Sandal: Shoe consisting of a sole fastened by straps to the foot.
Example Conversations
Conversation 1:
A: Hello, Peter. How are you?
B: Fine, thanks. How are you?
A: I’m fine, thank you.
B: Goodbye.
A: Goodbye, Peter. See you tomorrow!
B: Bye, bye, Janet. Have a nice evening.
A: Thanks, you too!
Conversation 2:
A: What do you do, Jane?
B: Well, I am an engineer.
A: Oh, are you?
B: And what about you, John?
A: I work for Iberia.
B: Oh, do you?
Conversation 3:
A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please?
B: Yes, of course. It’s six o’clock.
A: Thank you.
B: No problem.
Conversation 4:
A: What time is it?
B: It’s half past three.
A: Thanks.
B: You’re welcome.
Conversation 5:
A: What’s today’s date?
B: Today is December 15, 2006.
Conversation 6:
A: When were you born?
B: I was born on October 21, 1982.
Conversation 7:
A: Can I help you?
B: Yes, I’m looking for a sweater.
A: What size are you?
B: I’m extra large.
A: How about this one?
B: Yes, that’s nice. Can I try it on?
A: Certainly, there are changing rooms over there.
B: Thank you.
Conversation 8:
A: Good morning. May I have your ticket, please?
B: Here you are.
A: Thank you. Would you like smoking or non-smoking?
B: Non-smoking, please.
A: Would you like a window or an aisle seat?
B: An aisle seat, thank you.
A: Do you have any baggage to check?
B: Yes, this suitcase, and this bag is carry-on.
A: Here’s your boarding pass. Have a nice flight.
B: Thank you.
Conversation 9:
A: Good morning. Can I see your passport?
B: Here you are.
A: Thank you very much. Business or pleasure?
B: I’m a tourist.
A: Have a good trip.
B: Thank you.
Conversation 10:
A: Hello. My name’s Lolo. What’s your name?
B: Pedro.
A: Nice to meet you, Pedro. Where are you from?
B: I’m from Badajoz. And where are you from?
A: I’m from Torino. So, are you Spanish?
B: Yes. You are Italian?
A: Yes.
B: You speak English very well.
A: Thank you!
B: Do you speak any other languages?
A: Yes, I speak French, and you?
B: I speak German.
Conversation 11:
A: Excuse me. Is there a supermarket near here?
B: Yes.
A: How do I get there?
B: At the traffic lights, take the first left and go straight. It’s on the left.
A: Is it far?
B: Not really.
A: Thank you.
B: No problem.
Conversation 12:
A: Excuse me. Is there a bank near here?
B: Yes, there is a bank on the corner.
A: Thank you.
B: You’re welcome.
Conversation 13:
A: Hello, can I help you?
B: Yes, I’d like to have some lunch. Can I see the menu?
A: Would you like an appetizer?
B: I’d like a bowl of chicken soup, please.
A: And what would you like for a main course?
B: I’d like a grilled cheese sandwich.
A: Would you like anything to drink?
B: Yes, a Coke, please.
A: Can I bring you anything else?
B: Thank you. Just the check.
A: Certainly.
B: So, how much is it?
A: €8.75
B: Here you are. Thank you. It was great!
A: Thank you! Have a good day.
B: Same to you.
Conversation 14:
A: You’re in great shape, Keith. Do you work out at a gym?
B: Yes, I do. I’m a real fitness freak.
A: So, how often do you work out?
B: Well, I do aerobics every day after work, and then play racquetball.
A: I like racquetball, too.
B: Oh, do you want to play with me?
A: How well do you play?
B: Pretty well, I guess.
A: Well, all right. But I’m not very good.
B: No problem. I won’t play too hard.
English Grammar
Comparative Adjectives
- Equality: As + adjective + as (e.g., as tall as)
- Negative Equality: Not as + adjective + as (e.g., not as tall as)
- Superiority (up to 2 syllables): Adjective + -er + than (e.g., taller than)
- Superiority (more than 2 syllables): More + adjective + than (e.g., more intelligent than)
- Inferiority: Less + adjective + than (e.g., less important than)
Superlative Adjectives
- Monosyllabic and Bisyllabic Adjectives: Add -est (e.g., tallest, happiest)
- Polysyllabic Adjectives: Use “the most” + adjective (e.g., the most intelligent)
- Inferiority: Use “the least” + adjective (e.g., the least important)
Interrogative Pronouns
- What? – Qué?
- Where? – Dónde?
- Who? – Quién/Quiénes?
- How? – Cómo?
- Why? – Por qué?
- When? – Cuándo?
Demonstrative Pronouns
- This – Este/Esta/Esto
- That – Ese/Esa/Eso/Aquel/Aquella/Aquello
- These – Estos/Estas
- Those – Esos/Esas/Aquellos/Aquellas
Possessive Adjectives
- My – Mi
- Your – Tu
- His – Su (de él)
- Her – Su (de ella)
- Its – Su (de ello)
- Our – Nuestro/Nuestra
- Your – Vuestro/Vuestra
- Their – Su (de ellos/ellas)
Reported Speech
- Do – He said (verb in past tense)
- Is/Are + -ing – Was/Were + -ing
- Have broken/sent/had stolen – Had broken/sent/stolen
- Has been + -ing/were + -ing – Had been + -ing
- Will go – Would go
- Will have/would/would have – Would have + past participle
- Can – Could
- Must – Had to
- May – Might
- Today – That day
- Here – There
- Now – Then
- This – That
- These – Those
- Tonight – That night
- Tomorrow – The following day
- Yesterday – The day before
Active and Passive Voice
- I write – It is written by me
- He is writing – It is being written by him
- She wrote – It was written by her
- We have/had written – It has/had been written by us
- They are going to write – It is going to be written by them
- You will/can write – It will/can be written by you