Environmental Science Study Guide: Unit 13

Posted on Sep 10, 2024 in Medicine & Health

Unit 13 Study Guide Word Bank

Acute Exposure, Bioaccumulation, Chronic Exposure, LD50, Lethal Dose, Less, More

  1. A lethal dose is the amount of toxin required to kill an organism.
  2. A smaller LD50 value is more toxic than a larger LD50 value.
  3. The amount of a material, given all at once, which causes the death of half of the organisms given that amount is LD50.
  4. The buildup of chemicals within the bodies of organisms: bioaccumulation.
  5. One way to reduce the amount of carbon in the environment is to create public policy that uses less energy created from burning fossil fuels.
  6. Acute exposure is easy to recognize because the exposure is a high dosage for short periods of time.
  7. Low exposure of a hazardous chemical for a long period of time is especially dangerous due to being hard to detect and often resulting in damage to vital organs. This type of exposure is called chronic exposure.

Crickets, Insecticide, Number, Sea-Level Rise, Soon, Warming Temperatures, Weather Patterns

  1. Insecticides in the experiment to determine the LD50 of an insecticide on crickets, was the independent variable while the number of crickets dead was the dependent variable.
  2. Warming temperatures create ocean acidification resulting in the loss of ocean biodiversity and taking away a food source.
  3. LD50 values are a measure of acute toxicity because effects are soon after exposure.
  4. Changing climate creates changes in weather patterns that can lead to crop destruction and poor nutrition.
  5. Warming temperatures result in sea-level rise, which floods land areas used for housing and agriculture.

Biomagnification, Carbon, Coal, Cultural, Developed, Developing

  1. Smoking, drug use, crime, mode of transportation, and diet and nutrition are all types of cultural environmental hazards.
  2. Most of the time, affordable energy is produced by burning coal, which releases carbon into the atmosphere that had been bound up for millions of years.
  3. Carbon in the environment affects climate change.
  4. The process in which toxic substances that are present in small amounts in organisms low in the food chain become concentrated in larger amounts in organisms higher up in the food chain: biomagnification.
  5. Populations of developed countries tend to place strong emphasis on preventing disease and promoting well-being.
  6. Infant mortality rate in developing countries is much greater than average countries due to poor health care.

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Developed, Healthcare, Positive, Unhealthy, Women

  1. Educating women in developing countries has a positive effect on the economy resulting in better healthcare and family planning.
  2. The ability of a microorganism, due to natural selection through random mutation, to outlive the effects of an antibiotic designed to kill it: antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
  3. In developed countries, the cause of health problems is related to unhealthy behaviors and environmental exposures to unhealthy conditions rather than lack of resources.
  4. Improving sanitation, housing, nutrition, and methods of food preservation are prevention strategies that have positive health effects.

Costs, Media, Modify, Clean Water Act, Montreal Protocol, Clean Air Act, Food Quality Protection Act, Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

  1. Enforcement of environmental policies is influenced by the media, economy, public opinion, costs versus benefits.
  2. Any level of government can create, modify, or implement environmental public policy.
  3. Regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for water: Clean Water Act.
  4. Eliminating the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances to limit their damage to the earth’s ozone layer: Montreal Protocol.
  5. Authorizes EPA to set tolerances, or maximum residue limits, for pesticide residues on foods: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
  6. Considers special susceptibility of children to pesticides and considers risk from exposure to a pesticide from multiple sources and cumulative exposure when setting tolerance limits: Food Quality Protection Act.
  7. To protect public health and public welfare and to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants: Clean Air Act.

AIDS, Amoxicillin, Disease, Erythromycin, HIV, MRSA, Penicillin

  1. Which antibiotic would be used to treat a skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus? Amoxicillin.
  2. Which antibiotic would be used on patients that are allergic to penicillin? Erythromycin.
  3. Which antibiotic would be used to treat pneumonia? Penicillin.
  4. Sexually transmitted infection that interferes with your body’s ability to fight disease-causing infections: HIV.
  5. Disease is not a type of land pollution.
  6. Infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that’s become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections: MRSA.
  7. A disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection: AIDS.

Acute Effects, Chronic Effects, Carcinogen, Dose, Lethal Dose, Teratogens

  1. Long-term results of exposure to a hazard: chronic effects.
  2. The amount of a substance that enters a body, usually reported in comparison to body mass: dose.
  3. Short-term results of exposure to a hazard: acute effects.
  4. Substances that cause a mutation in a developing embryo: teratogens.
  5. Amount of material that will cause death: lethal dose.
  6. Substance that causes cancer: carcinogen.