Essential Educational Concepts and Principles
Importance of Creativity
Creativity should encourage innovation, divergent thinking, originality, and discovery.
Methodologically, we can distinguish the following levels of creativity:
* Expressive: pure spontaneity.
* Productive: related to space and time.
* Resourcefulness: unconditional.
* Innovative: deployment of originality.
* Emerging: permanent innovative attitude.
Principle of Unity
Refers to the consistency required in all training programs of students, of the school culture, and if it is legitimate with respect and dignity, besides contextual interaction in each environment.
Sustainable Development
It is development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Multiculturalism: Roots and Configuration
The roots of the multicultural phenomenon can be:
* The civil rights movement in the 1960s.
* Waves of immigrants to developed countries.
Example of multicultural education: U.S.
Multicultural development is classified into different phases:
* First phase: educators interested in the history and culture of ethnic minorities initiated actions to incorporate individual concepts, information, and theories from ethnic studies.
* Second phase: educators realize that this insertion is not enough and begin to develop more democratic racial attitudes.
* Third phase: when other groups, mainly women and the disabled, call for the incorporation of their histories, cultures, and voices within the structures of educational institutions.
* Fourth phase: or current status of multicultural education in the U.S.
Objectives of Distance Education
It is designed to address and meet the needs of the education system. These are:
* Fight the massification of educational establishments.
* Contribute to expanding the democratization of education.
* Lower the cost of education.
* Offer continuing education.
* Contribute to educational innovation, renewing techniques and methods.
* Meet geographically dispersed student population.
* Offer a second chance to those who could not start or finish their studies.
* Ensure the student’s stay in their own cultural and natural environment.
* Foster independent and experience-linked learning.
* Promote lifelong learning.
Characteristics of Distance Education
Distance education has a number of traits or characteristics that make it an alternative form of education. These features are:
* Professor-student separation.
* Use of media systems.
* Independent and flexible learning organization.
* Personalized learning support.
* Bidirectional communication procedures.
* Communication to social demands.
* Massive responses.
* Tutoring.
Phases of the Scientific Method
It consists of three phases: problem, construction of a model to approach the object of study, and practice of the model by means of data.
Quantitative and Qualitative Methodology
Quantitative methods and investigation procedures require the measurement and quantification of educational phenomena.
Qualitative observation is based on educational phenomena in their complexity as they occur. The purpose is analysis, understanding, and assessment of specific situations and the resolution of stated problems.
Values, Attitudes, Habits
* Value: something that meets our needs and moves us to act.
* Attitude: involves a willingness, positive or negative behavior.
* Habit: the way forward, not to be confused with control.
Education Today
The school has gone from teacher-centered to student-centered; the educator’s task now is knowing how to help, manage, and collaborate. The key to learning lies in strategies and learning processes that the student is capable of starting.
Why Man is Educable
The two key principles to educate man are:
* Educated: ability of humans to influence another.
* Educability: further capacity demonstrating the ability to be influenced by others and receive external influences.
New Teachers
Education today is about different approaches than a few years ago. Social media have become an instrument of great importance to training and education. New technologies are accelerating changes in society, and the city will be educational when it recognizes, exercises, and develops this.
Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Education
* Formal education: system, institutionalized, regulated, and hierarchical. From the first years of school to university.
* Non-formal: organized, educational activities carried out under the formal system that facilitates learning and subsets of the adult and child population.
* Informal: process that lasts a lifetime; the person accumulates and acquires knowledge without premeditation.
Definition and Characteristics of Informal Education
Process that lasts a lifetime; a person accumulates and acquires knowledge without intention. Characteristics:
* Does not meet certain educational forms.
* No education is presented in explicit independent forms.
* Does not take place by means of expressly created educational forms.
* Includes processes that are known as educational.
* Does not require a fixed location.
* No rigid structure of time, content, or participants.
* Concrete essential means to achieve socialization.
The essentials are:
* Imitation.
* Identification, act like someone we admire.
* Conformism, abide by norms and values of our group.
* Need for affection and protection, behavior to meet needs (love, etc.).
* The performance of roles, learn to play other roles.
Pillars of Lifelong Learning
The pillars on which continuing education rests are:
* Unity and comprehensiveness of the educational process.
* Major restructuring of school systems and their contents (ESO and Bologna).
* Comprehensive education, extended to life.
Historical Background of Continuing Education
Education serves people who are outside formal education. Adult education was born for people who had passed the mandatory school age. In the 19th century, night schools and Sunday schools appeared to overcome illiteracy, and in Spain with the Moyano Law.
Differences Between Adult Education and Lifelong Learning
Adult education was born for people who had passed compulsory school age and could not read, write, or do calculations. Lifelong learning, however, is for everyone.
What Supports the Concept of Education?
Education is considered as:
* A set of actions and influence exercised by one human being on another, with goal-oriented training.
* Aid to display all the potential of the student.
* An aid for the student, within their capabilities, to live with dignity and efficiency.
Pedagogical Integration of Knowledge
Pedagogy requires interdisciplinary integration of knowledge to achieve meaningful learning in learners. Pedagogy must:
* Overcome the reductionist sense of the concept of progress.
* Promote interdisciplinary knowledge.
* Consider the ecological and social context.
What Does Anthropology Bring to Education?
It is the science dealing with biological aspects of man and his behavior as a member of a society. It seeks to situate the place of man in their social, cultural, and universal relationships with other living things, providing education with the information necessary to show the reality in the human search for truth.
Differences Between Nature and Culture. What Does Each Give Man?
* Nature has given to man is the result of the passage of time (arises spontaneously).
* Culture is something that human beings acquire and receive from the society they live in (which man creates).