Essential English Grammar and Usage Guide
Essential English Grammar and Usage
Present Simple
What do you do? What does she do? Does she work? Where do they work? Do you work?
Schedules
Starts at 9:15, begins at 8:30, finishes at 4:00, ends at 5:05, we have a break at 12:45.
Dear Mrs. Mahmoud,
I am a new employee in Finance. I need help with access to the company network. Please, can you organise a training session for me? I am free on Thursday after 2:30. Do I need to come to your office? Do you give certificates after the training? Thank you very much for your help.
Sharifa
Comparatives
Short adjectives add -er (than) (bigger than, faster than, easier than). Long adjectives use More/Less (more difficult than, less expensive than). Comparatives irregular (bad – worse, good – better). Examples: (long – longer, light – lighter)
Superlatives
Short adjectives add the + -est (big – biggest, fast – fastest). Long adjectives use the most/the least (the most difficult, the least expensive). Some superlatives are irregular (bad – the worst, good – the best).
Have Got
I have (got), he/she/it has (got), I/you/they haven’t (got). Have I got? Has she got? Do you have? Does she have?
Present Continuous
I’m installing, he’s/she’s setting up, we’re/they’re working, I’m not setting, he’s not installing, they aren’t coming. Are you installing? What am I doing? What are you doing? What is he doing?
Must, Can, Have To
Must and Mustn’t: for obligations (you must come to work). Can and Can’t: for possibility (he can use Word, but he can’t use Excel). Have to: for something that is necessary (I have to log in using my…). Don’t have to: for something that is not necessary (I don’t have to work at the weekend).
Question Words
Which websites do you visit? What, Why, When…
How Much/How Many
About quantity (how many people visit our website every day?). Where to ask about places (where are the visitors from?). How + adjective/adverb about degree (how often do people visit our website?).
Steps
First, next, then, after that, secondly, finally, to start, next, thirdly, to finish…
Describing Things
There is, there isn’t / there are, there aren’t, has, have.
(There’s a lot of information, there aren’t many photos in this website, the website has good graphics, most websites have a lot of features.)
Asking People to Do Things
Could you help me, please? Can you explain what a database is, please? Would you explain that, please?
Connectors
Addition: used to add ideas (furthermore, moreover, in addition). Contrast: used to contrast two ideas (although, however, whereas, on the other hand).
Cause: shows the cause of something (because, therefore, since, as a consequence, in order to).
Steps to Create a Database
To start, you have to collect the data to be processed. Then, data classification creates categories to organize the data into groups. After that, we organize and encode the data. Next step is data entry into the system. Then, we validate the data and check for errors and inconsistencies. Finally, the tabulation of data allows the data in a table format to be analyzed.
Linking Ideas
And, but, so, or.
Future (will + infinitive)
Talk about plans for the future.
The new security system will protect our customers better. Hackers won’t/will not get into the network.
When will we change to the new security system?
Will the new system have a firewall?