Essential Spanish-English Vocabulary & Grammar Reference
Essential Spanish-English Vocabulary
Vocabulary:
- Anxious: ansioso / Anxiously: ansiosamente
- Fortunate: afortunado / Fortunately: afortunadamente
- Generous: generoso / Generously: generosamente
- Honest: honesto / Honestly: honestamente
- Moody: triste / Moodily: cambio de humor
- Optimistic: optimista / Optimistically: optimistamente
- Passionate: apasionado / Passionately: apasionadamente
- Pessimistic: pesimista / Pessimistically: pesimisticamente
- Polite: educado / Politely: educadamente
- Respectful: respetuoso / Respectfully: respetuosamente
- Responsible: responsable / Responsibly: responsablemente
- Successful: exitoso / Successfully: exitosamente
Verbs:
- Aim: objetivo
- Concentrate on: concentrarse en
- Forget: olvidar
- Intend: intentar
- Look forward to: desear
- Miss: hechar de menos
- Put off: quitar
- Regret: lamentar
- Remember: recordar
- Spend time: pasar el tiempo
- Take part in: tomar parte en
- Waste time: perder tiempo
Phrases:
- Break a promise: romper una promesa
- Break the law: saltarse las leyes
- Do something wrong: hacer algo mal
- Feel guilty about something: sentirse culpable por algo
- Hurt someone’s feelings: herir los sentimientos de alguien
- Keep a promise: mantener una promesa
- Keep quiet about something: mantenerse tranquilo
- Make a mistake: cometer un error
- Make an excuse: poner una excusa
- Make something up: inventarse algo
- Pretend to be something: pretender ser algo
- Tell a lie: contar una mentira
- Tell the truth: decir la verdad
Communication Verbs:
- Admit: admitir
- Agree: estar de acuerdo
- Ask: preguntar
- Complain: quejarse
- Convince: convencer
- Explain: explicar
- Insist: insistir
- Invite: invitar
- Offer: ofrecer
- Order: ordenar
- Persuade: convencer
- Promise: prometer
- Refuse: rechazar
- Remind: recordar
- Say: decir
- Tell: contar
Verb Tenses (Tiempos Verbales)
- Present Simple (Active): Peter paints
- Present Continuous (Active): Peter is painting
- Past Simple (Active): Peter painted
- Past Continuous (Active): Peter was painting
- Present Perfect (Active): Peter has painted the house
- Past Perfect Simple: Peter had painted
- Future (will) (Active): Peter will paint the house
- Be going to (Active): Peter is going to paint the house
Third Conditional
Structure: if + past perfect + ‘d (would) / wouldn’t have + past participle
Example: If I’d seen Kerry, I’d have told her.
Superlative and Comparative Adverbs
Regular Adverbs:
- Comparative: quickly, more quickly than
- Superlative: the most quickly
Irregular Adverbs:
- Comparative: faster than
- Superlative: the fastest
Gerunds and Infinitives
- Gerund: Add ‘ing’ to the verb (pones ‘ing’ al verbo)
- Infinitive: to + the base form of a verb
Common Irregular Verbs
- Be: be, was/were, been (ser)
- Become: become, became, become (convertirse)
- Begin: begin, began, begun (empezar)
- Bet: bet, bet, bet (apostarse)
- Bite: bite, bit, bitten (morder)
- Bleed: bleed, bled, bled (sangrar)
- Blow: blow, blew, blown (soplar)
- Break: break, broke, broken (romper)
- Bring: bring, brought, brought (traer)
- Build: build, built, built (construir)
- Burn: burn, burnt/burned, burnt/burned (quemar)
- Buy: buy, bought, bought (comprar)
- Can: can, could, been able to (poder)
- Catch: catch, caught, caught (coger)
- Choose: choose, chose, chosen (elegir)
- Come: come, came, come (venir)
- Cost: cost, cost, cost (costar)
- Cut: cut, cut, cut (cortar)
- Deal: deal, dealt, dealt (tratar)
- Do: do, did, done (hacer)
- Draw: draw, drew, drawn (dibujar)
- Dream: dream, dreamt/dreamed, dreamt/dreamed (soñar)
- Drink: drink, drank, drunk (beber)
- Drive: drive, drove, driven (conducir)
- Eat: eat, ate, eaten (comer)
- Fall: fall, fell, fallen (caerse)
- Feel: feel, felt, felt (sentir)
- Fight: fight, fought, fought (luchar)
- Find: find, found, found (encontrar)
- Fly: fly, flew, flown (volar)
- Forget: forget, forgot, forgotten (olvidar)
- Forgive: forgive, forgave, forgiven (perdonar)
- Freeze: freeze, froze, frozen (congelar)
- Get: get, got, got (tener)
- Give: give, gave, given (dar)
- Go: go, went, been/gone (ir)
- Grow: grow, grew, grown (cultivar)
- Hang: hang, hung, hung (colgar)
- Have: have, had, had (tener)
- Hear: hear, heard, heard (oir)
- Hide: hide, hid, hidden (esconder)
- Hit: hit, hit, hit (golpear)
- Hold: hold, held, held (sujetar)
- Hurt: hurt, hurt, hurt (hacer daño)
- Keep: keep, kept, kept (guardar)
- Know: know, knew, known (conocer)
- Lay: lay, laid, laid (poder)
- Lead: lead, led, led (dirigir)
- Learn: learn, learnt/learned, learnt/learned (aprender)
- Leave: leave, left, left (dejar)
- Lend: lend, lent, lent (prestar)
- Let: let, let, let (permitir)