Exercise and Health: Definitions, Fitness, and Factors
Exercise and Health: Definition, Characterization, and Classification
Factors Influencing the Maintenance of Health and Physical Fitness
Definition and Characterization of Health
- Total Welfare from the physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
- Achieving the highest level of operational capability.
- Physical, mental, emotional, and social adaptation enabling environment.
- Physical state that allows the agency to exercise its functions optimally.
Psychobiology
Due to the imperfection of biological organisms, the state of “health” of an individual would be no more than a fluctuating state of relative health, where there would be constantly different pathologies, minimal and unobtrusive, but capable at any time of worsening.
Identification and Characterization of Physical Fitness
Physical fitness is the lowest level of physical fitness required to comply with the various daily activities. Its components are given by the physical qualities and valences.
Torres, J. defines the basic physical properties (physical motor skills or qualities conditioning): “as physiologic those innate predispositions on the individual, feasible measurement and improvement, allowing movement and muscle tone, are therefore those that the training and learning will be a decisive factor, improving conditions inherited at their full potential.”
Components of Fitness
- Strength
- Speed
- Coordination
- Flexibility
Exercise Definition
Exercise is a physical activity, planned, structured, and repeated that aims to improve or maintain the components of the condition while maintaining physical health at an optimum state.
Classification of Exercise
- Aerobic and Anaerobic: Depending on the volume of muscle mass.
- Local, Regional and Global: Depending on the type of muscle contraction or Isotonic Dynamic Global (concentric and eccentric), Static (Isometric).
- Strength and Speed / Strength: According to the strength and power.
- Mild, Medium, Heavy, Very Heavy, and Tiring: According to the functional cost.
According to the mechanics and execution of exercises mentioned above are form two large groups of exercises: Variables and unchanged, Quantification Methods (Cyclic and Acyclic) and Quantifying Qualitative.
Classification of Functional Exercise Activities Costs
| VO2 | FC | VMR | T ยบ | LACT. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REST | 1 | 0.25 | 70 | 5 | 37 | 10 AND 20 |
| LIGHT | 6 | 1.5 | 120 | 35 | 37.5 | 20 |
| MEDIUM | 8 | 2 | 140 | 50 | 38 | 20 and 30 |
| HEAVY | 10 | 2.5 | 160 | 60 | 38 | 40 |
| VERY HEAVY | 12 | 3.5 | 180 | 80 | 39 | 50 and 60 |
| SOLD OUT | 12 | 3.5 | 180 | 120 | 39 | 60 |
Factors in Keeping Health and Fitness
- Genetic Factor
- Environmental Factor Infrastructure and Health Care
- Lifestyle Factor
Health Problems and Possible Solutions
- Hypertension I and II
- Diabetes
- Asthma
- Hyperlipidemia
- Osteoporosis
- Musculoskeletal
- Cardiovascular
- Obesity