Expressive Genres and Television News Systems
Expressive Genres and Testimonials
These genres provide the personal vision of the authors. They broaden and deepen the facts, ideas, and opinions of others through analysis and interpretation. They have a large subjective burden, so it is required to state the name of the author.
1 Review
The review provides the interpretation of an expert or specialist in the field. There are two forms: permanent commentator and sporadic commentator. The comment becomes more important with greater public recognition of its author. Comments are brief and should always be seen as an extension of the news.
2 Chronicle
The chronicle is an extension of a story by a correspondent or a special envoy. The author brings the story of what happened from a point of coverage close to the facts and paints them according to their view. They add original elements and contextual data from other sources. The reporter, being on the scene, brings different images as they are looking for elements.
Treatment by Live Link
Live connections provide immediacy, the instant in which events unfold. It is characteristic of TV to be immediate. The direct data broadens the last minute and deepens certain aspects. It requires a cost and deployment effort, both technical and human. The reporter appears in the median plane in order to reveal the reality of reporting in the background. It allows capturing fragments of a speech at the time they are pronounced.
Using Queues
This involves extending service news through images but without sound testimony from the protagonists or the environment. The camera captures the silent images. The voice-over of the report provides a synthesis of the above and other data. It is a visual extension.
Using Archival Material
The use of archives has given rise to journalism in context. Today, all television networks try to create their audiovisual news archives in order to have background for other news. The files are used as an extension of news. It is an investment in the station because, through them, today and the past can be recovered. Today, it is one of the best assets of each station. Next to the files themselves are files from others who could be contacted for the purchase of planes, scenes, news, or any other form.
Versions of the Same News Briefing
When speaking of the same story, we speak of a triple reference: the facts, the focus and management of selected items, and the narration of them. The coincidence may be partial or total in the approach and selected elements of reality. It depends on the vision of each medium and each program. Full agreement occurs only within the same station when the news is repeated in full in two news programs. There are a variety of situations that occur according to various situations:
- The divergent versions can be produced from the first source: from the version that each medium provides news content (different information treatments for each media).
- Differences between the various TV channels: This is not to lie or mislead the viewer, but different views in which each medium observes reality from an approach already adopted in approaching reality. There are no better or worse versions, only different looks, different compression, and intentions that result in presentations.
- Differences between the channels of the same station: each channel reaches different audiences, and the information is appropriate to them with the same news but with modified versions.
- Versions of the same story in different news programs and information services of the same television channel: There is disagreement within the same television news channel due to changing facts, the different approach of each one of them, to increase or decrease in time. The different versions are made in order to avoid monotony. The differences are due to reasons of variations in treatment.
Update and Complementarity Through Teletext
Television has developed a parallel system of images and sounds using the alphanumeric or facsimile system. It is diversified information on current information and references to other leisure, entertainment, and social utility. It allows users ongoing consultation.
1 Teletext Information as the Television System
It is an information dissemination system, alphanumeric and graphic, simultaneous to television broadcasts. It works with writing and some simple graphics. It is an additional source of information, both general and specialized.
2 The Technical and Human Mediation in Teletext
Teletext is high cost. The stations have a specific wording specializing in the selection and appropriate treatment of information and other services offered. Information is not an alternative but a reinforcement and a concentration of information. Human agency planners range from half to the technicians who run the teams, through the editors. Technical mediation characterizes Teletext: Any person who has a TV has access to its information. It shows fixed information where the user can return to each on-screen information and hold it for the desired time. There are some pages used internationally, such as the 100 pages of information corresponding to general news, 200 to 300 for sports service, 800 for subtitling, etc. Each station introduces its variants according to their objectives and constraints.
3 Overview and Specialized
Teletext service is between general, in that it is directed to all television receivers, and specialized information, in that it offers very specific issues. The content becomes a means of redundant information. It is concise. The specialization is information produced by the diversification of content so that each of the fragments covers blocks of certain users. It is an ideal medium for utility information for services and leisure.
A) Services by subtitles: It was the first goal as a search for a social service for the disabled with deafness. The subtitles require human and financial effort because it is necessary to have a team to make the translations and another incorporating synchronized dialogue. Not every identifier is translated, but a condensation of the essentials is provided so that it can be understood without distracting the attention of the images.
b) Information Services in full screen: the user has a “ticker” where they can enjoy the news without disrupting the overall programming of television, as if it were a journal. Each chain has several sections to address current information, sports, entertainment, raffles, weather, horoscope, etc. They also offer information on the programming of each string. In teletext, broadcasting is composed of written advertisements.
Its strength and specialty is to change rapidly as they are generated or as the news becomes known, focusing on more immediate and up-to-date information.
4 Peculiarities in the Development of Information
Teletext style goes through three basic principles:
1 – visual-that each of the features is visible and legible. 2 – Understandability-clarity of information processing in a clear, concise and easily. 3 – adequate density. / / Teletext requires a style that you select the basic data and only essential for clear understanding of the news. Provides for the production of information through a number of characters per line and a number of lines per screen.