Forms of Written and Oral Opinions: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on Oct 4, 2024 in English

Forms of Written Opinions

Publisher

Text is the official daily journal of opinion on an important day. Usually not signed.

Letters to the Editor

Written for a newspaper and aimed at readers. Brief and clearly outline the writer’s thoughts on a particular topic. Signed.

Opinion Articles

Written by contributors who express their opinion or the opinion of a group about a current topic. Signed. Also called a column.

Critics

Articles that inform, interpret, and evaluate artistic and cultural works. Can be positive or negative. Signed.

Forms of Oral Opinions

Debate or Colloquium

Involves an exchange of views among a group of people on a particular subject.

Public Speeches

Generally made on a set topic or on the phone, and should be short and concise.

Spelling

P/B, T/D, C/G

A Word Finally:

  • Stressed vowel or diphthong tonic written p, t, c (e.g., wolf, joke, friend).
  • Exceptions:
    • In words ending in -d (e.g., fluent, cool) and female suffixes in -tud (e.g., solitude, stillness).
    • In words ending in -b (e.g., club, tube).
    • Words ending in -g (e.g., bulldog, sorcerer) and -leg, -gog, -fug (e.g., biologist, educator, fugitive).
  • Last unstressed vowel is written p/b, t/d, c/g based on derivatives.
  • Exceptions:
    • The words duck, disgust, mango, peach, etc.
    • The 1st person present indicative of some verbs (e.g., I learn, I sell, I have).
    • Gerunds ending in -t (e.g., gathering, saying).
    • Nouns and adjectives ending in -ant, -ent and other suffixes -and, -end. They usually meet in Spanish (e.g., assistant, resident, summands, reverend).

Words with Different Meanings Depending on the Spelling:

  • Cup (bowl) / Cub (geometric figure)
  • Educating (verb educate) / Learners (person receiving education)
  • Examining (verb review) / Examinand (1st person subject to review)
  • Ascx (unpleasant feeling) / Boredom (feeling tired)
  • Yellow (color) / Yellow (drink)
  • Multiplying (verb multiply) / Multiplicand (that number should be multiplied by another)
  • Ordering (word order) / Milking (who receive any of the sacred orders)
  • When (time adverb) / How much (quantity adverb)
  • Adding (add verb) / Summands (each of the amounts added)
  • So (accompanying adjective and adverb) / Both (names and accompanying verb)

Grammar

Text Properties

  • Adequacy: Consists of adapting the writing to each specific case.
  • Coherence: A text has a consistent theme that acts as the axis of the text.
  • Cohesion: Consists of having all phrases related. Common cohesion errors include:
    • Punctuation errors
    • Lack of agreement between verbs (mixture of past, present, and future)
    • Errors in the use of pronouns and their treatment
    • Loss of readability (sentences too long and messy)
  • Linguistic Correction: Respecting the rules of morphology, syntax, lexicon, and spelling.

Literature

Narcís Oller (1846-1930)

  • His literary career is divided into 3 stages:
    1. Stage marked by the influence of French realism (e.g., La Mariposa).
    2. Stage of learned realist novels and French naturalist novels (e.g., The Escanyapobres, Villains, The Gold Rush and the Madness).
    3. Stage of psychological novels (e.g., Pilar Prim).

Notice

Radio

The medium that transmits information in a more agile and quick way.

Work:

  • The host broadcaster (in charge of informing listeners)
  • The writer (who writes the script for the presenter)
  • The producer (responsible for guests)
  • The director (in charge of artistic and technical aspects)
  • The editor (in charge of sorting and editing audio)
  • The sound operator (responsible for recording and playback of sound)

Types of Radio and Television Programs:

  • News: Newsreels, magazines, reports, etc.
  • Magazines: Debates, interviews, music, humor, etc.
  • Gatherings on various topics
  • Competitions on various subjects, with a final prize
  • Music: Modern, classical, interviews, etc.
  • Sports: Broadcast sports, sports information, etc.
  • Economy: Economic life, stock market, companies, etc.
  • Motor: Bikes, cars, mechanics, etc.
  • Science: Scientific discoveries, research, etc.

Stations and Channels:

  • Generalist: When they offer all kinds of programs.
  • Thematic: When focusing on a particular topic.
  • Radiofórmulas: When entering information and music continuously, with a determined structure.

Television

The most influential media today.

Work:

  • Advisor (in charge of sound, image, assemblers, etc.)
  • Stylists (responsible for hairdressing, makeup, clothes, etc.)
  • Production staff (in charge of council members, coordinators, directors, etc.)

New Internet Technologies

Spelling

J/G, X/IX, TX/G

  • J before the vowels a, o, u (e.g., sponge, couple).
  • G before e, i (e.g., knee, rotate).
  • Exceptions:
    • Words with the groups -jecc-, -ject- (e.g., injection).
    • Forms of the verb “to lie” and “to lie down” (e.g., jec, lying, ajec, ajeia).
    • The words: hierarchy, jersey, majestic… and contractions of Joseph and Josepet (e.g., Jep, Jepet).
  • X:
    • At the beginning of words (e.g., Xavier).
    • Behind a consonant (e.g., file, progress).
    • Behind i and u (e.g., Flix, gypsum).
    • Behind a diphthong (e.g., outburst, Xauxa).
  • Ix:
    • Behind the vowels a, e, o, u (e.g., low, fish, pillow, leg).
  • Tx at the end of a word when derivatives also have tx.
  • G at the end of a word when derivatives have j/g or tj/tg.
  • X:
    • Sound [ks]:
      • Between vowels (e.g., fixed, luxury).
      • Between vowel and consonant (e.g., extra).
    • At the end of words (e.g., FSF).
    • Sound [gz] in the group ex- in front of vowel O (e.g., examen).

Grammar

  • Paragraph: Text fragments formed by sentences (which express an idea with a set of words).
  • Juxtaposition: Two sentences together separated by a punctuation mark.
  • Types of Relationships: Copulative, casual, sequential, distributive, appositive.

Literature

Joan Maragall

  • Originated a new air of modernity [modernism].
  • Works: Poetry, Chants & Visions, Beyond, Animation, Arnau.

T.9

  • Previsó: Very safe.
  • Predictive text: Prediction, hypotheses.

Grammar

  • S [s]:
    • At the beginning of a word (e.g., Seny).
    • At the end of a word (e.g., gos).
    • Between vowel and consonant and vice versa (e.g., roof, lines).
  • Ss [s]:
    • Between vowels.
    • Female suffix -essa (e.g., hostess).
    • Words with suffixes -assa (e.g., barcassa), -issa (e.g., pallissa), -issimo (e.g., caríssim).
    • Words ending in -gression (e.g., aggression), -gressor (e.g., attacker), -mission (e.g., commission), -missor (e.g., transmitter), -pression (e.g., expression), -pressor (e.g., compressor).
  • C [s]:
    • Before e, i (e.g., on, circus).
    • Before a, o, u (e.g., raise, arms, expired).
    • Suffixes ending in -ança (e.g., hope), -since.
    • At the end of a word (e.g., happy, arm).
  • Ç [z]:
    • Between vowels (e.g., shirt).
    • Derivatives or compounds of funds (e.g., sinking), in (e.g., enter), trans (e.g., transit).
  • Z [z]:
    • At the beginning of a word (e.g., Zoo).
    • Between vowel and consonant (e.g., oak).
    • Between vowels [not always] (e.g., amazon, topaz).

Literature

Santiago Rusiñol

  • 70 works (e.g., The Auca Mr. Stephen).