Geografía

Afghanistan: Kabul/ Armenia: Yerevan/ Azerbaijan: Baku/ Bahrain: Manama/ Bangladesh: Dhaka/ Bhutan: Thimphu/ Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan/ Cambodia: Phnom Penh/ China: Beijing/ Cyprus: Nicosia/ Georgia: Tbilisi/ India: New Delhi/ Indonesia: Jakarta/ Iran: Tehran/ Iraq: Baghdad/ Israel: Jerusalem/Japan: Tokyo/Jordan: Amman/ Kazakhstan: Nur-Sultan/ Kuwait: Kuwait City/ Kyrgyzstan: Bishlek/ Laos: Vientiane/ Lebanon: Beirut/ Malaysia: Kuala lumpur/ Maldives: Male/ Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar/ Myanmar: Naypyidaw/ Nepal: Kathmandu/ North Korea: Pyongyang/ Oman: Muscat/ Pakistan: Islamabad/ Palestine: Jerusalem (east)/ Philippines: Manila/ Qatar: Doha/ Russia: Moscow/ SAudi Arabia: Riyadh/ Singapore: Singapore/ South Korea: Seoul/ Sri Lanka: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte/ Syria: Damascus/ Taiwan: Taipei/ Tajikistan: Dushanbe/ Thailand: Bangkok/ Timor-Leste: Dili/ Turkey: Ankara/ Turkmenistan: Ashgabat/ United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi/ Uzbekistan: Tashkent/ Vietnam: Hanoi/Yemen: Sana`a

Tertiary sector: It provides services to people and other ecocomic sectore instead. Ex works: health care, education, tourism, retail, transport and logistics, communications, culture, leisure, sports,… The growth of the tertiary sector coincided with the emergence of the information society. Many changes, people talk about the tertiary revolution. Quaternary sector: Technology and science are commonly said to belog to the high-end tertiary or quaternary sector. Low-end tertiary sector: Consists of jobs that require little trainig and are usually poorly paid. Services today: Social changes: Greater life expectancy, female participation in the labour force and reduced worwing hours and paid holidays. The diversity of the service sector: Characteristics: Being very diverse, not only in terms of the number of services or workers qualifications, but also in terms of the size of the companies which provide them/ Being intagible and innmaterial bc services are valued according to the personal dedication put in on them/ Being activities that cannot be stored/ Being close to consumers, as the direct contact between the supply and demand is offen esencial/ Having a relative low degree of mechanisation, though computers are often essencial/ Being unevenly distribution. Classification of tertiary activities: 4 groups. Social services: Public administration, education, healthcare,… They are created, organised and funded though taxes for the population´benefit. Private services. Distribution services:  Releated to the circulation of people, goods and information and include transport, telecommunications and wholesale trade. Businesss services: Most companies outsource servioces to other specialised tertiay companies. Ex: advertising, research, banking and finance, insurance, legal and fiscal advice,…. Consumer services: Associated with retail, trade, hospitality, leisure, repairs and installations and individual services.(restaurants, tourism, language learning)

Transport systems:Is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.  Road tranport: Are the densest and most structured of land transport network(cars, lorries, motocycle)/ Rail transport: Is ideal for moving passengers and goods over medium and long distances/Air transport: Is an effective way of tranporting people and light bc it is fast and secure. Is more expensive/ Maritime transport: Is ideal for moving longe quantities of goods over long distances at low prices. The functions of transport:  Moving people on a daily basis, making long-distances travel, distributing goods and services. Transport revolution: Changes: Increased cargo capacity, freight transport intermodality, increase speed, improved road infrastructure and increases safety, lower transport prices. Tourism and its economic importance: Until the 20th, only the wealthier social classes from the present-day due to: 5-day working week, paid holidays, pensions, free time, private cars and improved transport, advertising. Economy and tourism: Developed countries: creation and expansion of companies and services/ poor countries: controlled by companies based in developed countries, so benefits don´t go to the touist destination country. Types: Nature: natural parks or protected areas. Problem: Deterioration of the enviroment. Solution: Ecotourism diversification and low impactc/Urban: Cities have historical, cultural,…. attractions and lots of infrastructure for many people/ Cultural: historical, artistic and cultural characteristics : museums, ruins, music, gastronomy,… Rural: In the countryside, for activities such as agrotourism, green and enviromental tourism/ Depending on the distance between the destinations and the places of origin, there groups of tourism: Short-haul: up to 200km/ medium-haul: 200to 2000km/ Long-haul: over 2000km// Tourism effects: Positive: Income, boots of the economy and jobs, stimulation of other economic sectors Negative: Higher-prices, land speculation, poor paid jobs and unemployment in off-peak season, enviromental impact

Trade:  Trade is buying and sellers of products and services to satisfy the needs of the polution. Its one of the world`s oldest activities and promoted contact between cultures. It contributes to the economy to the developed countries by increasing their GDP and providing jobs. Two basic types: Domestic( inside a country) and international (between countries). Elements: Sellers: individual or companies who want to sell goods or services/ buyers: individuals or companies who want to buy goods or services/ goods: products/ markets: places where commercial transactions take place. They could be physical (material goods) and non-physical (abstract or virtual goods). Factors: Efficient infrastructure and transport networks/ population`s purchasing power and consumer confidence/positive financial result/business confidence/a large market/e-commerce/ prices, taxes, advertising and discounts. Trade today: large quantities of goods are in constant movement/a worldwide network of trading partmners/ provision of jobs for many people/ dominated by an ever smaller number of large companies. Domestic trade: Is the commerce that happens inside a country`s borders. Wholesalers: Act as intermedaries between producers and consumers. Retailers: Buy small numbers of goods from wholesalers and sell them to the public. Different places: Traditional retailers: small family shops, ex: supermarkets, grocery store/ deparment store: huge range of products, ussually located in the cities and have many floors/ large shopping centres: located on the outskirts of cities, often belong to multinational chains/street market: Open air in particulary day each week. International trade: International trade indicators: balance of trade/ balance of payment. Trade in abstract goods and services: Flows of capital/ flows of information.