Geography: Industrial Reorganization Post-1950 & Global Division of Labor
Geography: Industrial Reorganization Post-1950
1) Explain the reorganization of industrial space in the post-1950 world?
A: It is characterized by the struggle of two political systems in economic, social antagonism: U.S. and USSR starting the Cold War period.
2) What were the main agents of technological development?
A: In the Cold War period, the politico-military sector further enhanced the development of technologies.
3) Explain the Marshall Plan and the Colombo Plan
A: The Marshall Plan aimed to rebuild the savings market in Western Europe through loans. The Colombo Plan had the same goal for the Far East, based in Japan.
4) With the development of technology in transportation and communication, what are the benefits to Industrial Development?
A: The volume of cargo transported and the distance traveled increases, while the time of travel decreases. This advance in the means of transport contributed to the reduction of costs and increase in profits. The movement of people, goods, and ideas was facilitated.
5) What were the ways of creation of industrial areas in Southeast Asia?
A: Production of goods destined mainly for export to major markets in the world (the U.S., Europe, and Japan) was a key factor, along with the provision of cheap and disciplined labor. Three factors were present: an authoritarian government, the deployment of industrialization in the region (since the interests of foreign capitalists associated with local elites imposed their rules), and the supply of raw materials and energy sources.
6) Characterize the international division of labor?
A: The resetting of the International Division of Labor (IDL) is characterized by two aspects: the country participation are then agro-industrial carriers in high external dependency and control technologies developed by companies of the central countries.
7) What are the types of industry? Explain.
A: One type is characterized as a branch of industrial activity related to the production of feedstock for other industries, also known as industrial production of goods or heavy industry. The petrochemical industry transforms crude oil by distillation process into several other products such as naphtha, gasoline, solvents, diesel, and lubricating oils. Industries producing non-durable consumer goods, also known as consumer goods lightweight, produce food, beverages, cigarettes, and shoes, among others. Consumer durables industries produce cars and appliances.
8) Why are industries pulling out of the state capital?
A: Due to the demand for manpower.
9) Today, what is the main factor for the installation of a large company?
A: As science and technology have become an important instrument of economic power for companies, the preferred location for its installation is close to major university centers, where there is availability of highly skilled technicians and scientists. This is the factor in attracting business in developing their research techno-poles.
10) Why was the 1950s marked by U.S. hegemony?
A: Because of the accumulation of profits, generating excess capital that was invested in various locations around the world, including Brazil.