Hand and Machine Tools: Usage, Techniques, and Operations
Hand tools: placed in panels. Machine tools: fixed or portable. Fixed: tables or located in designated areas. Portable: guards in lockers or storage.
Technical Working previous operations, manufacturing and finishing.
Operations Prior
Measurement: determining the dimensions of parts. Instruments:
- Measuring Tape: Length measuring above a meter.
- Rules: Measuring small lengths.
- Protractor: Measure angles.
Drawn: marks on the material dimensions of the designed object.
- Carpenter’s pencil: To draw what we want to build.
- Compass: Draw circles or arcs.
- Square: Right angles.
- Bevel square: Measure different angles.
- Gramil: Trace parallel lines.
- Punch: To mark.
Subjection of the Material
- Vise: Attached to the work table. It has 2 steel jaws, one fixed and one mobile.
- Sergeant: Clamp workpieces.
- Gag: Subject to the workbench.
Manufacturing Techniques
Folding
Consists in changing the form of a material without loss.
Cut
One part is to separate material through straight or curved cuts.
- Scissors: Cut some little thickness.
- Cutter: Medium thickness.
- Pliers: Basically to cut wires.
Sawing
Involves cutting the material using specific tools called saws.
- Handsaws regular: Formed by a handle and a flexible sheet of steel.
- Sawtooth rib: It has a reinforcement at the top.
- Sawtooth edge: Interior and exterior curved cuts through its narrow blade which facilitates the rotation of the tool.
Types of Saws
- Bow saw
- Hair saw: Helical, thin, wide, flat plane.
Filing
Remove fine particles of material to achieve a desired shape or aesthetic finish.
- Rasp: There are different sized triangular teeth. Only used for wood.
- File: Checker has teeth but much smaller. Used for metal and plastic.
Brushing
Lower the surplus wood to smooth the surface of a piece and give it a uniform finish.
- Plane: Formed by a box where you insert a steel blade.
- Small plane: On metal parts for small jobs.
- Long plane: With a handle for large surfaces.
Carving
Recesses and holes in the wood.
- Gouge: Curved for carving artistic figures.
- Chisel: Straight edge. Two types: carvings and mortises.
Drilling
Practice holes.
- Auger: Consists of a metal rod attached to a tip.
- Brace: Formed by a steel rod with a U-shaped elbow in the center, which allows manual movement.
- Manual drill: Simple, lightweight, quiet, and easy to handle.
- Drill bits: Those used to drill into the wood have a tool tip centered.
Machine Tools
A device capable of machining operations using a source of power other than human muscular power.
- Portable circular saw: Make straight cuts.
- Jigsaw: Straight and curved cuts.
- Portable drill: Make holes in any position.
- Column drill: Practice holes with precision.