Howard Gardner’s 8 Multiple Intelligences
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Multiple Intelligence refers to the ability to solve problems or create products that are valued in one or more cultural contexts. Howard Gardner proposed that everything can be taught in more than one way and identified eight distinct intelligences.
Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
It is the ability to manage and structure the meanings and functions of words and language. It encompasses not only communication but also the ability to learn to recognize sounds or symbols and associate them with meanings. The use of words to express emotions, sing, etc., distinguishes humans from animals. It also includes the ability to think using words, allowing us to remember, analyze, solve problems, plan, and create.
Indicators:
- Composes stories, poems, and fables.
- Has good spelling.
- Has a good vocabulary.
- Enjoys reading books.
- Has a good memory for names, places, and dates.
- Shows an active and participative attitude in activities.
- Interacts with peers and understands them.
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Logical Reasoning Ability: This includes mathematical calculations, numerical reasoning, the ability to solve logic problems, problem-solving, the ability to understand abstract concepts, reasoning, and understanding relationships.
Indicators:
- Performs mental calculations quickly.
- Solves problems using logic.
- Designs experiments.
- Thinks mathematically.
- Calculates, estimates, and learns concepts of quantity and time.
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
This includes a range of skills such as recognition and processing of visual images, distinguishing specific features of objects, creating mental images, reasoning about space and its dimensions, and managing and reproducing internal and external images. Some or all of these skills can be manifested in one person.
Indicators:
- Reads maps, diagrams, and other geographical guides with ease.
- Draws accurate representations of objects and people.
- Builds three-dimensional representations.
- Enjoys pictures in TV and film.
- Enjoys reading with pictures.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
This intelligence highlights motor actions. It is the skill of using body movements as a way of self-expression. This intelligence presupposes great coordination and a sense of time. All sports professionals usually have this intelligence.
Indicators:
- Likes to assemble and disassemble objects.
- Shows great skill in manual work.
- Touches and manipulates things to learn.
- Has good coordination.
- Knows how to express themselves with their body.
Musical Intelligence
Musical intelligence is the ability to express oneself through musical forms. It includes skills in singing and musical expression, knowing how to play an instrument, composing (in any mode and genre), appreciating music, and knowing how to listen.
Indicators:
- Shows interest in musical instruments.
- Remembers the melodies of songs.
- Composes and sings alone, for others, and with others.
- Has a good musical rhythm.
- Shows an active and participative attitude in musical activities.
Naturalistic Intelligence
Naturalistic intelligence is the skill that enables people to perceive the relations between species and groups of objects and to recognize the possible differences and similarities between them. This intelligence involves identifying, observing, and classifying members of groups or species, with the field of observation being the natural world.
Indicators:
- The pupil likes to observe nature.
- Respects the environment.
- Enjoys science class.
Interpersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to recognize, perceive, and understand others, leading to better interaction and empathy. This can be developed in the classroom through group activities.
Indicators:
- Socializes with peers.
- Has no problems working in groups.
- Enjoys group games.
- Enjoys teaching others.
- Shows abilities to be a leader.
- Shows empathy.
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence is based on self-understanding and comprehension. It facilitates the understanding of other people and improves interpersonal intelligence, allowing for better self-understanding and self-management.
Indicators:
- Pupils analyze their strengths and weaknesses.
- Consider different points of view.
- Have confidence in themselves and others.
- Always correct and learn from mistakes.
- Express their ideas.
- Set goals and strive to achieve them.
- Are curious about the great mysteries of life.