Human Body Systems: Nerves, Hormones, Senses & Functions
The nervous system (SN) perceives sensations and responds to stimuli to maintain our body’s internal balance (homeostasis). It consists of central and peripheral components and various types of cell-secreted chemicals. Neurons have dendrites (short, numerous, capture signals) and an axon (single, long, transmits signals).
Pituitary gland (Hiòfisi) produces hormones including: antidiuretic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and oxytocin.
The thyroid gland produces thyroxine (related to goiter).
The pancreas produces glucagon and insulin.
The suprarenal capsules (adrenal glands) produce adrenaline and cortisol.
Gonads (ovaries, testes) produce estrogen and testosterone.
A synapse is the space between one cell and another where a nerve impulse is transmitted. It involves a presynaptic neuron, a synaptic space, and a postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters (substances secreted by the presynaptic neuron) are needed to pass the synaptic space. When they reach the postsynaptic neuron’s membrane, they cause changes that allow the nerve impulse to spread further.
The medulla oblongata joins the spinal cord. It controls vital functions and is involved in involuntary protective reflexes.
The pituitary gland produces hormones that control the activity of some endocrine glands, or antidiuretic growth. There is a link between diabetes and a lack of insulin or the inability to use it correctly. Insulin is a protein hormone that must be administered by injection because stomach enzymes digest it. It increases the entry of glucose into cells.
The nervous system is divided into: Somatic (muscles, voluntary movements) and Autonomic (involuntary activities of internal organs). The autonomic system is further divided into Sympathetic (activities requiring power) and Parasympathetic (store and conserve energy).
The eye consists of the sclera, choroid, retina (rods, cones), lens, cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, iris, vitreous humor, blind spot, optic nerve, and fovea.
The ear consists of the external ear (ear, external ear canal), middle ear (tympanum, ossicles), and internal ear (cochlea, utricle, saccule, semicircular canals), and auditory nerve.
SN perceives sensations and responds to stimuli, maintaining our body’s internal balance (homeostasis). It consists of central and peripheral components and various types of cell-secreted chemicals. Neurons have dendrites (short, numerous, capture signals) and an axon (single, long, transmits signals). Pituitary gland (Hiòfisi) produces hormones including: antidiuretic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and oxytocin. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine (related to goiter). The pancreas produces glucagon and insulin. The suprarenal capsules (adrenal glands) produce adrenaline and cortisol. Gonads (ovaries, testes) produce estrogen and testosterone.
A synapse is the space between one cell and another where a nerve impulse is transmitted. It involves a presynaptic neuron, a synaptic space, and a postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters (substances secreted by the presynaptic neuron) are needed to pass the synaptic space. When they reach the postsynaptic neuron’s membrane, they cause changes that allow the nerve impulse to spread further.
The medulla oblongata joins the spinal cord. It controls vital functions and is involved in involuntary protective reflexes.
The nervous system is divided into: Somatic (muscles, voluntary movements) and Autonomic (involuntary activity of internal organs). The autonomic system is further divided into Sympathetic (activities requiring power) and Parasympathetic (store and conserve energy).
bul spinal motor nerve hifosi