Human Resources Department: Functions and Structure
Concept and Organization
This department organizes, directs, coordinates, and studies the activities of remunerated workers within a company.
Organization of the Human Resources Department: Formal and Informal
Enterprises are created with a number of departments, to which are assigned particular roles. This is called formal organization. Informal organization, on the other hand, arises from impulsive and personal relationships, communication channels, leaders, etc.
Formal Organization
- Sets the direction
- Hierarchical relationships
- Positions are defined
- Activities are defined
- Pursues business objectives
- Communication is hierarchical
- Workgroups are formed by department
- Management authority is exercised
Informal Organization
- Springs up spontaneously
- Relationships are based on friendship, kinship, enmity, etc.
- Activities are voluntary
- Does not necessarily pursue the objectives of the enterprise
- Communication occurs through spontaneous discussions, rumors, and contacts during breaks, etc.
- Groups are formed out of friendship, kinship, affinity, etc.
- Authority may be exercised by people considered “leaders”
Organizational Hierarchy
This is a system based on the authority of senior management. The chief indicates the targets to be met. The division of a company into different departments is known as departmentalization.
Management by Objectives
Management by objectives subdivides the overall business objectives for a given period. These objectives are assigned to each department or area. The company will have sufficient autonomy to achieve them. A mode of management by objectives is participative management by objectives. In this mode, targets are negotiated between management and those responsible for compliance, so that the targets have been previously accepted by those who will achieve them.
Duties of the Human Resources Department
These can vary from one company to another, depending on the size and activity of the company. The functions performed in most human resource departments are:
- Job function
- Personnel management function
- Retribution function
- Human resource development function
- Relations function
- Social service functions
Downward Communication
This spreads from the upper hierarchy to subordinates. Downward communication is channeled through the line by hierarchical address meetings with middle management, to institutions, and transmitting orders.
Upward Communication
This occurs from the lower hierarchical levels of the company towards their superiors. These are usually opinions, complaints, suggestions, and grievances.
Horizontal Communication
This occurs between departments and individuals at the same level. It consists of joint work, sharing, resolution of labor issues, etc.
Internal Circulars
When certain institutions need to report to large numbers of workers, they use written rules, apart from the direction of the company. These are called circulars.
Notices
These are communications that contain institutions, clarifications, and news of general interest.
Memorandum
This is a brief communication used to transmit information between different departments within the same company, and reports accompanying documents.
Staff Reports
The business applies staff reports on the services of a new employee, or when they want to know the performance activity or the fundamental characteristics of a person in their position.
Newsletters
These are newspapers and magazines that report economic, union, cultural, etc., information to staff to improve relations between personnel.
The Personnel File
This is a set of documents, arranged chronologically, that reflects the employment history of each employee of the company. The classification of records may be:
- Small businesses: Records are sorted alphabetically.
- Big businesses: The personnel department handles and stores personal files of employees. The experience is sorted alphabetically by department, within each department by occupational categories, and within each category, alphabetically by surname and name of the workers.
Records must be updated constantly.