Industrial Evolution: Processes, Types, and Global Locations
Renewable Energy: The force of water stored in artificial embassaments is transformed into electrical energy. Electrical energy depletes fossil fuels used in thermal power plants, obtaining the sun’s energy and electricity using photovoltaic cells, and wind energy.
Types of Industries
Industrial activity is very diverse. We can group industries by multiple criteria. One criterion depends on the destination of manufactured products.
Production of Industrial Goods
Manufactured semi-finished products handle great quantities. Product installations need large spaces, much labor, and capital investment. This is also called former heavy industries. Examples include:
- Extractive Industries: Steel, oil extracts
- Energy: Transforms
- Heavy Metals
- Chemical Industries: Produces quantities
Consumer Goods
These facilities require less capital investment and less labor, often called light industry. Examples include:
- Food Industry
- Furniture Industry
- Textile Industry
Another type includes recent advanced technology, microelectronics, and computer technology.
Industrial Processes
In the manufacture of products, machines are used in factories. These machines transform raw materials and move thanks to energy. Each worker does a specific task, all thanks to capital, the money to buy machines and raw materials. Transport and telecommunications networks are important for all economic sectors. Economic factors that help are the state, cultural, geographical, and demographic factors. This consists of finding outsourcing various phases of the same production process in various parts of the world, moving industries to new industrial areas.
Industrial Revolutions
First Industrial Revolution
Manual labor was common in workshops. In the late eighteenth century, Great Britain saw key technological innovations: carbon and steam. Key industrial sectors included siderometallurgy. New textile factories were concentrated near ports and railways. Transport and communications sites included the telegraph.
Second Industrial Revolution
The main engine was petroleum, an energy source, and electrical machinery. Electricity was produced in the U.S., and new countries industrialized in Southern Europe, Russia, and Latin America. Main transports and communications included cars, radio, and television. Types of industries included automotive, chemical, and steel industries, locating factories or cities in agglomerations.
Third Industrial Revolution
Late 70th century years saw the most industrialized countries produce in the U.S., Japan, and Europe. Types included nuclear power industries, microelectronics, information technology, and alternative energy communications. Main innovations included ICT: computers, communication, and microelectronics. Factories relocated to newly industrialized countries in Asia, continental Africa, and less industrialized areas.
Industrial Locations
There are five industrial areas in the world:
- Western Europe: Britain, Germany
- Eastern Europe: Poland, Russia
- America: Czech Republic, Northern Canada, Northern California Coast
- Asia: Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Philippines
- Africa: New areas, Austria, Brazil, India, Mexico
Location Factors
The objective is to determine the best company location to reduce costs and increase incomes. Factors include:
- Proximity to labor
- Proximity to important resources or raw materials for heavy industry
- Local market demand or consumer services companies in major areas