Industrial Processes, Tourism, and Globalization Impacts
Industrial Processes and Economic Sectors
Key Industrial Components: Raw materials, energy sources, technology, business organization, labor.
Industrial Specialization in Spain:
- Asturias: Mining
- Basque Country: Metallurgy
- Catalonia: Textiles
Tertiary Sector (Services):
- Transformation of resources from the primary sector.
- Provision of services.
- Shift due to new technologies and intangible activities.
Social Services: Planned obsolescence.
Patents: Exclusive rights granted by the government to inventors.
Submerged Economy: Economic activities that escape fiscal control.
Industrial Revolutions
1st Revolution (17th Century): Machinery, consumer society, textiles, and crafts.
2nd Revolution: Expansion of chemical and automotive industries, assembly lines, product diversification.
3rd Revolution: Technology, marketing, rapid distribution.
Tourism
Tourism Development: Business expansion and source of income.
Tourism Issues: Can be controlled by developed countries.
Effects of Tourism
Positive: Job creation, sector stimulation, cultural exchange.
Negative: Increased prices, environmental impacts, congested routes.
Spanish Industrial Hubs: Madrid, Catalonia, Basque Country, Asturias.
Types of Tourism
- Rural
- Urban
- Nature
- Cultural
Business Structures
Multinational Corporations: Companies with production facilities in multiple countries.
Franchises: System of selling products from one company through another’s store.
Offshoring: Relocating industrial production to developing countries for cost benefits.
Transport Networks
Transport Networks: Axes and lines connecting transport hubs.
Modes of Transport
Road Transport:
- Pros: Flexibility, direct accessibility, speed.
- Cons: Pollution, poor maintenance, accidents.
Rail Transport:
- Pros: Safety, economy, large cargo capacity, high-speed options.
- Cons: Rigid routes, high maintenance costs, fixed schedules.
Air Transport:
- Pros: Speed over long distances, safety, large cargo capacity, investment attraction.
- Cons: Expensive, pollution, noise, large space requirements.
Maritime Transport:
- Pros: Large cargo capacity, safety, stability.
- Cons: Slow, risk to marine environment, requires other transport modes.
Globalization and Cultural Diffusion
Globalization disperses culture through technology, connecting people worldwide, leading to varied practices and cultural adoption.
Globalization has altered concepts of culture, societies, religions, and traditions, challenging established norms.
Cultural Diffusion: Interaction leads to learning and adoption of new practices. Travel plays a crucial role in cultural diffusion, with people adopting new ways and cultural items.
Key Concepts: Cultural diffusion, interconnectedness, interdependent world.