Industrial Revolution: Key Figures and Social Impact
Line Work and the Assembly Line
Henry Ford’s Principles
Key principles based on the assembly line:
- No man should have to do more than one thing.
- It should always be possible for a man to lower something.
Consequences for the Worker
How does the assembly line affect the worker? It reduces the worker’s need to think and restricts movements to a minimum, which dehumanizes the work. This occurs more often.
The Assembly Line Explained
How was the assembly line structured? It was a large factory with different points, each with different tasks. Each site had a worker always doing the same job, leading to specialization of labor.
The International Labor Movement
What is it?
What is the International? It’s a grouping of several organizations of workers from different countries, founded in London. It faced confrontation between anarchists and socialists.
Objectives
What are its objectives? Social equality and an 8-hour workday.
Origins of Poor Conditions
What was the origin of the bad situation for workers? Lack of solidarity among workers of different professions in each country and a lack of fraternal union among workers.
The Need for International Unions
Why is a labor union needed at the international level? To obtain all the rights for workers, including matched pay and an 8-hour workday.
Marxist Interpretation of History
Class Struggle
How does Karl Marx interpret history? As a dislocation of class, society is divided into the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Class Divisions
What are the opposing classes? Bourgeoisie versus proletariat, representing economic power versus those with no political power.
Achieving a Classless Society
What kind of society must the proletariat establish to get rid of their chains? They must seize power, socialize productive assets, and establish a state. This involves a seizure of power through revolution, ending capitalism.
Charles Dickens and the Industrial Revolution
Describing the Phenomenon
What phenomenon is Charles Dickens describing, and what is happening in the countryside and the city? The Industrial Revolution. Inhabitants of the countryside had to go to town in search of work, but work was scarce in the fields, leading to a labor shortage in the city.
The Monster Roared
(The monster roared in the distance) This was a major phenomenon worldwide, with people moving to town, which had a very strong impact.
No Return
(Never again be lost forever) Farmers did not return to their respective places in the city because they found work and a better lifestyle.
The Dark Side
(Meat hospital, cemetery, prison, the river, asylum, vice, and death) Farmers were willing to suffer all these phenomena to immigrate to the city.
Realist Writer
Why is Dickens considered a realist writer? Because he was telling the truth about what was going on and did not exaggerate anything in the text, such as this phenomenon he is talking about.
Social Consequences
What are the social consequences of rural exodus and industrialization?
Rural Exodus:
- Lack or scarcity of jobs
- Shortage of educational institutions
- Shortage of services
- Technical development of agriculture
Industrialization:
- Development of industrial empires
- Urban sprawl due to population growth
- Environmental problems as a derivative of global industrial development
- Pollution
The Labor Movement
Why did the labor movement emerge? It emerged from the Industrial Revolution because of the lack of rights that workers had in factories.
J.P. Sartre and Colonization
Effects on Land
What are the effects of colonization on the land, and who are the settlers? Landed property had grown up, and it took a century to dispossess two-thirds of the soil. The settlers were French.
Consequences for Agriculture
What are the consequences of colonization in crops and livestock? Viticulture also won hectares, more than half of which were taken from Muslims. Grazing suppressed the dumps.
Population and Resources
What is the relationship between population and resources? The frame of the old tribal society is broken, and the Algerian population is mainly an agricultural proletariat.
The French Transformation
How have the French transformed the Algerian people into a huge agricultural proletariat? The whole territory is for cosexas, and citizens are farmers.
Colonization and Consciousness
How does colonization prevent the masses from becoming a conscious proletariat? France provides employment for many, but even though the work is good, most of the population is not aware of their situation.
Cultural Implications
What are the cultural implications of colonization, according to Sartre? The Arabic language became a foreign language, and the religion they profess is suppressed.
Long-Term Consequences
What consequences can be extended to all colonized countries, and what is the ratio between colonization in the 19th century and current underdevelopment? Every settler, regardless of nationality, will have their own ideas. There are some similarities, but colonialism prevented the development of Third World countries by taking away their commodities.