Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Posted on Jan 30, 2025 in Biomedical Sciences

Chapter 46: Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Immune Responses and Skin Cells

• Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens?
  Langerhans cells
• Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in hypersensitivity reactions of the skin?
  Mast cells
• Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix?
  Fibroblasts

Thermoregulation and Skin Glands

• Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling the body through evaporation?
  Eccrine glands
• Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?
  α-Adrenergic receptors

Pressure Ulcers

• What is the first change in the skin that indicates a pressure ulcer?
  Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
• Which type of dressings should be applied to pressure ulcers?
  Flat and moist dressings

Skin Lesions and Disorders

• What term is used to identify skin lesions that are elevated, rounded, and firm, with irregular clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?
  Keloid
• Keloids are sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars caused by excessive amounts of which substance in the corneum during connective tissue repair?
  Collagen
• In allergic contact dermatitis, which cells possess the antigens and present them to T cells?
  Langerhans cells
• In latex allergies, which immunoglobulin (Ig) is associated with an immediate reaction?
  IgE
• What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an indistinct border?
  Eczema
• What clinical manifestations do allergic contact and stasis dermatitis have in common?
  Erythema and pruritus
• Lesions on the elbows and knees that are well-demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and erythematous characterize which type of psoriasis?
  Plaque psoriasis
• Which skin disorder begins with a single lesion that is circular, demarcated, and salmon-pink, measures approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter, and is usually located on the trunk?
  Pityriasis rosea
• Which immunoglobulin is found in skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation of people with discoid lupus erythematosus?
  Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
• Which term is used to identify a collection of infected hair follicles occurring most often on the back of the neck, the upper back, and the lateral thighs that forms a mass and evolves into an erythematous, painful, and edematous mass and drains through many openings?
  Carbuncles
• Chickenpox (varicella) may be followed years later by which disorder?
  Herpes zoster (shingles)
• What type of skin infection is tinea corporis (ringworm)?
  Fungal infection
• Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of what?
  Immune complexes
• Which skin lesion is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated release of histamine, bradykinin, or kallikrein from mast cells?
  Urticaria (hives)
• Scleroderma is associated with what?
  Autoantibodies

Skin Growths and Cancers

• What name is given to a benign proliferation of basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions on the chest, back, and face that are tan or waxy, yellow, flesh-colored, or dark brown to black?
  Seborrheic keratosis
• Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which malignancy?
  Basal cell carcinoma
• The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?
  TP53
• Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?
  Squamous cell carcinoma
• A small (less than 1 cm) lesion with regular edges and bristle-like hairs with a color change that can range from skin tones to light brown characterizes which form of nevus?
  Intradermal nevus
• Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?
  Endothelial cell

Other Skin Conditions

• Which intervention is included in the treatment of frostbite?
  Immersing in warm water