Introduction to Photography: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction to Photography
A Brief History
How does one get the picture?
- We look back to 1700.
- In 1816 appears Nicéphore Niépce who, after the first studies, takes 10 years to get the first picture.
- In 1839 Louis Daguerre appears, begins to research this item and creates the Daguerreotype.
– Daguerreotype:
For extensions of the image, lies a layer of silver nitrate on a copper plate. From an exhibition at the camera’s image is reflected in the mercury. Finally the image is fixed after immersing the plate in a solution of sodium chloride or dilute sodium thiosulfate.
- In 1841 William Fox Talbolt continues investigating until the calotype.
– Calotype:
Based on paper sensitized with silver nitrate and gallic acid that is exposed to light and subsequently revealed with both chemicals and fixed in hyposulfite.
- In 1881 Eastman Kodak Company – Here is created the paper reel or roll of film and then the first compact camera KODAK 100 views.
- In 1925 appears Leica – a company specializing in cameras, also in the field of health.
- In 1935 he introduced the film in color.
Rule of Thirds
A “tool” that takes the picture from a classical painting, you can sort the image and the composition of elements. The plane is divided into 3 vertical thirds and 3 horizontal.
- In the vertical center is located interest and is oblong format.
- Visual dimension: The visual composition.
- Element protagonist is the focus, which is highlighted in the child element.
- Composition or counterpoint are not as important as the element protagonist, but this will help generate.
- Intersections: Points which are located the important elements.
- Divisions or indoors: They are the ones to contain child elements.
Basic Elements of Composition
The basic elements are: point, line, plane, contour, texture and color. Each has different characteristics, allowing them to perform certain functions within the composition.
The Point:
It is the smallest unit of visual communication, graphic element essential and therefore the most important and can enhance its value by means of color, size and position in the plane.
The Line:
Serves to connect two points in space. Can be defined as the union or approximation of several points. Almost always directionally generates dynamism and define the composition in which inserted. Their presence creates tension in the area where the ubiquity and affects the different elements that coexist with it.
The Edge:
We talked boundary line when the line is split into a main feature of point. The same contour is that they are static or dynamic depending on the application to be given or the different directions it takes.
Photo Patterns
Within these patterns, we find:
- Textures: elements occupy the visual plane, for example the bark of a tree. This pattern does not apply the rule of thirds, we use the macro mode approaching the target.
- Artificial Patterns: is all that has been created by man. In artificial patterns are the random pattern (are irregular and not exact), and artificial patterns are also accurate (are geometric and repetitive).
- Natural Patterns: all that has not been tapped by man. We also have natural patterns trials, and in the case are almost the exact geometric but created by nature.
Drawings or Creative Techniques: Depth of Field
- Large or infinite: to work with it, be done with the lens in terms visual, which is recognized by all parts of the picture are completely clear and hence we speak of wide depth of field.
- Selective Focus: (less depth of field) the focus is also a component of the objective, which is a component that allows us to capture the sharpness of the subject or shooting element, unlike the high depth of field here is nested, it gives importance to the major and secondary elements are roasted blurred. Here the sharpness is focused on the most important element.
- Sweep: The movement of the camera follow the target, is used to diffuse results and moving elements.
- Foreground: here we talk about possible closer to the subject or item to be photographed. and such levels can capture with great level of detail or texture of the subject or item.
- Horizontal plane: as the name indicates the camera is located at the height of the horizon line in relation to the subject or item you want to photograph. this kind of photography you use when you need to show as realistically as possible. (eg product photography, interior architecture)
- Picado: when we speak of mincing the camera position is above the horizon line. this type of plane is used when we want to move, connote weakness, fear, vulnerability and so on.
- Contrapicado: in this type of plane the ratio of the camera with the horizon line is below it. Closeup has a huge visual impact. It is very “emotional” and can focus their gaze on a small fragment of reality. The details are captured with particular ease.
- Midplane: It is the intermediate level and is the level of “Portraits”. It takes the characters above the waist. At this level if we do photography in portrait or oblong.
- Take a horizontal level: when the photo is from the same level as the object picked up, either above or below it. Used to display or describe something so “natural”.