Islamic Architecture in Al-Andalus and Beyond
Islamic Architecture
Al-Andalus
is the visual stability alfiz gave the goal. The vaults repeated distortions similar to those of the arches. Are two solutions, to form webs of nerves dimensional drawing a polygon, and simply include mocárabes.LAMEZQUITA Soon Islam spreads to Syria, Palestine, Persia and Egypt. At first, to hold Friday prayers or other public buildings that will mark out clear spaces for prayer and as military camps. The Prophet condemned to spend the money to build temples believer but in contact with cultures that Islam had rich religious monuments, will soon undertake the construction of an impressive mosque mezquitas.La structure is simple. Reached through several doors to an open courtyard (Sahn), where a source (MIDA) for ritual ablutions (sabil). From this courtyard leads to the pillared hall (haram) to mating lintel. The orientation of a wall (Kibla) to the Kaaba is identified by an empty niche (mihrab). With the increasing number of believers is built a high tower (minaret) to call to prayer. In this way are fixed basic and essential principles of a mosque. In times of Muawiya (658-680) delineates a space to separate the caliph of the rest of the faithful (maqsura). For prayer to get to all the faithful will have a throne high (minbar) for the Imam. You can make a typological classification: mosque. Rectangular shape to solve the problems of access and visión.Mezquita central plant. It draws on the early Christian martyrdom. Mosque iwan. Of Persian origin, respond to a courtyard scheme whose four sides are sealed with modern abovedadas.Mezquita exedras or vaulted or dome. Chaired by a large dome that forms the structure. The Dome of the Rock, commonly known as Mosque of Umar, was completed in 691. It has a huge influence of Byzantine art and early Christian martyrdom, because among other reasons to be raised by local workers. Octagonal, has a double ambulatory around the area where the rock where tradition says the incident happened biblical sacrifice of Isaac, and is also the place from where the Prophet ascended to heaven.The dome is half orange, golden outside and the inside covered with mosaics with a profuse geometric decoration, following the Byzantine art. All the decoration inside the dome and the outside corresponds to the deeds done in the Ottoman period (1552). The intention behind the caliph Abd al-Malik with its construction is twofold, first to counter the importance of the Christian church of the Holy Sepulchre, and on the other side to form a new pilgrimage center nearest Damasco.En change Mosque Damascus, built between 707 and 715, have real significance later. When the city was conquered by the Muslims, they share with Christians the church of San Juan Bautista, which was formerly the site of the Temple of Jupiter. When the Muslim community grows, it becomes merely an advantage mosque and the walls of ancient Roman temple, having the south as qibla wall, so that the three naves are parallel to the qibla wall. At the height of the mihrab located a transverse nave is topped with a cupola. Already has all the essential elements of the mosque. To give more height to the ships, on a first row of columns, placed an upper with pillars (columns dwarfs are a product of a restoration of 1893). Access to the pillared hall or haram is through a courtyard or square sahn whose shape recalls the Roman markets forums. Roman and Byzantine influence is clear also in Damascus.
The advent of the Abbasids marks the entry of the old Mesopotamian brick architecture and no columns in Islamic art. The capital installed in Baghdad, and it stands out from the minaret of Samarra remained near the capital, the form responds to the type of towers of silence Mesopotamia. Cone-shaped with a spiral ramp ascent. In this city, inhabited only during the ninth century, all buildings are of gigantic proportions. In