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What is biology: The study of living organisms, their structure, evolution, functioning, distribution and interrelationships

The term “Biology” derives from two Greek words which are: Bios-life Logos-Study

What is the name of the scientists who conduct work related to this natural science: Biologists

What do biologists study: Study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms

List four examples of places where biologists work: labs- industries- fields- zoos

List 4 examples of activities that biologists carry out at work: Discover diseases- develop new theories- write articles and books- discover new treatments

studies the chemical reactions that occur in living organisms is: biochemists

who studies plant is: Botanists

studies the basic cellular units of living organisms is: cellular biologists

studies how organisms interact with their environment is: ecologists

studies the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time is: evolutionary biologists

studies heredity (how DNA passes from one generation to another- from parents to their offspring) is: geneticist

studies the biological molecules that make up living organisms is: molecular biologist

studies the function and mechanisms which work within the living organisms and their part is: physiologists

studies animals, including animal behavior, is: zoologist

scientific method:

1.state a problem or ask a question

2.hypothesis

3.test hypo. through experiments

4.draw conclusion

5.make new hypo (if necessary)

lab report:

1.research question

2.hypothesis

3.materials and methods

4.results, data analysis

5.discussion

6.conclusion

Scientific:

-The sun warms the earth unevenly

-snows occurs in temperatures of 32F or below

Pseudoscientific:

-it’s always sunny in south california

-i’m 100% safe from lighting in my house

mean: sumas todos y divides para el número de datos que sumaste

median: ordenar de mayor a menor y es el número de la mitad

mode: es el número o números que más se repiten

Digestive system of the pig: is vital so the animal can live because it makes sure that nutrients from food can be absorbed and so the animal can have energy, growth and cell repair

main organs: mouth(to chew)- Esophagus(to transport)-stomach (digestion begins)- liver(metabolic action)-pancreas (indigestion)-small intestine(nutrients absorbed)-large intestine(fermentation and faces)

Approach to keep healthy: eating right amount of healthy food, drinking enough water and giving it the necessary nutrients

what is a cell: is the basic structural, functional, biological unit of all known organisms and the smallest unit of life

animal cell: 

centriole: cell organelle that aids in cell division

ribosomes: makes proteins

cytoplasm: jelly-like liquid that holds organelles in place

smooth er: creates lipids and fats

rough er: transports the storage proteins

nucleus: a part of the cell containing dna and rna and responsible for growth and reproduction

lysosome: contains digestive enzymes

cell membrane: a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell, produces atp (energy)

vacuole: in charge of storing water, food and waste

golgi apparatus: sistem of membranes that modifies proteins and packages them for export

vesicle: small membrane sacs that specialize on moving products into, out of or within the cell

plant cell:

same as animal except for lysosomes and centrioles

cell wall: rigid structure surrounding cell membrane, provides support to the cell

chloroplast: produce food for plants by absorbing sunlight (conductors of photosynthesis)

steps microscope:

1.Plug into powersource 

2.Turn on the light 

3.Place one of the samples under the stage clips situated in the stage and make sure it is centered

4.Rotate the lense to 4x hear the click 

5.Use the coarse adjustment knob to make the image clear 

6.Use the fine adjustment knob to make the image HD 

7.Observe sample and record results and characteristics 

8.Change lens to 10x and hear it click 

9.Repeat steps 6 and 7 10.Change lens to 40x and hear it click 

11.Repeat steps 6 and 7 12.Remove sample from stage clips 13.Turn off lights and unplug the microscope 

**For 10x and 40x only use fine adjustment knob

metabolism: It is the sum of all chemical reactions within the cells of living organisms. Important since it allows organisms to transform chemical energy stored in molecules into energy that can be used for cellular processes, provides organisms with energy and gets rid of waste left from chemical reactions.

macromolecules are either build up or broken down through metabolic reactions: 

-food to energy

-energy to proteins

-proteins to waste

enzyme: are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. They are important in metabolism since they break down large nutrients molecules, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, into smaller molecules

anabolic reaction: are reactions that build up macromolecules and require energy to occur.

1.Glycerol reacts with fatty acids to create lipids

2.carbon dioxide and water react to form glucose and oxygen in/during photosynthesis

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14. Write the definition of catabolic reaction. Plus, list and describe two examples of catabolic reactions that occur in living organisms. 

Catabolic reactions break down foods. Larger molecules are separated in order to create smaller ones. 

1. In respiration glucose is broken down in order to form carbon dioxide and water

2. The breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to form fatty acids 

Food Item

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

1. Hamburguer 

Bread

Oil

Meat 

2. Llapingachos 

Potatoe

Avocado

Pork

3. Beef Burritos 

Tortilla

Oil

Beef

4. Spaghetti and Meatballs 

Spaghetti dough 

Oil

Meatballs

5. Christmas Cookies 

Dough 

Oil

Eggs

6. Green Salad

Bread pieces

Oil

Chicken