James I and Charles I: Absolutism and Conflict
James I: A King of Contradictions
James I, perceived by many as a foreigner due to his strong Scottish accent, faced challenges in gaining acceptance. His absolute approach to power, including the belief in his divine right to rule, alienated many. He also claimed the ability to heal diseases through touch.
Despite his belief in absolute power, James I required the support of Parliament. His reign was marked by controversies, including his interest in witchcraft, his aversion to tobacco, and his close relationship with George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham.
The extravagance of his court contrasted sharply with the era of Elizabeth I, further diminishing his popularity. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, a Catholic conspiracy to assassinate him, highlighted the deep divisions within the kingdom.
By the time of his death in 1625, James I had left a country increasingly opposed to the Stuart dynasty. He was succeeded by his son, Charles I.
Charles I: The Struggle for Absolutism
Charles I (1625-1649) inherited his father’s belief in absolutism, leading to a tense relationship with Parliament. While he initially balanced the budget and curbed corruption, his reign was soon marked by conflict.
Two wars against France and Spain strained the kingdom’s finances. Parliament’s refusal to grant the crown the desired funds led to a major political crisis in 1629. Charles I responded by dissolving Parliament and ruling without it for 11 years.
Further conflict arose when Scotland rejected the religious reforms imposed by Archbishop William Laud. This led to a Scottish rebellion, forcing Charles I to reconvene Parliament in 1640. The Parliament’s refusal to cooperate led to its dissolution and the subsequent formation of the Long Parliament, setting the stage for the English Civil War.
Key Conflicts
- James I’s perceived foreignness and absolutist beliefs
- The Gunpowder Plot
- Charles I’s attempts to rule without Parliament
- Religious conflicts with Scotland