Journalism, Pronouns, Literary Devices, and Adventure Novels
Features of Journalism
Feature: Journalism is a genre in which the reporter, must go in person to the place where the newsworthy events occur.
Chronicle: Presents current facts and interprets information that tells of a past event, which is related to a current one. It is very similar to the report, but they differ in that in the chronicle, the author or journalist expresses their vision. Style: personal.
Types of Pronouns
Pronoun: Comes from the Latin *pronomine*, pronouns are put in place of a noun phrase (NP), are empty of meaning, and are grammatical items that can only learn to relate based on context.
Personal Pronouns
Refer to the grammatical person. There are three:
- First, coincides with the issuer (I)
- Second, matches the recipient (you)
- Third person, not involved in the act of communication (he/she)
There are two types:
- Tonics: Have a tonic accent, are pronounced with a subject, and are preceded by a preposition. May exercise the function of a verb complement.
- Unstressed: Pronounced with the verb, forming a unit of stress.
Third-person pronouns are anaphoric; they can only be interpreted with a precedent. In contrast, first and second-person pronouns are deictic.
Figures of Speech
Comparison
Establishes a relationship between two items among which there is a similarity or analogy. Three types:
- Superiority
- Equality
- Inferiority
Lexicalized Comparisons: Those that have become part of the volume of the common language because they have a meaning that has been established over the years, such as phrases.
Figurative Language
The meaning of a word or a phrase can vary depending on the context in which it is used and may vary by acquiring a new meaning.
Metaphors
The replacement of a real element with an unreal one with which it has a certain similarity, so the only element explicit in the text is the unreal one.
Euphemism
Comes from the Greek expression “good talk” and is the replacement of a word or set of words (periphrasis), which express a concept or idea distasteful or inappropriate, for others who want to say the same, smoothing the rating’s significant impact.
Dysphemism
The use of an ironic or funny way to avoid calling out a taboo.
Adventure Novels
Based on incidents caused by any cause or purpose, a main character lives with other characters.
Authors and Works
Adventure Novels: Original of the modern century. (Robinson Crusoe, 1719; Gulliver’s Travels, 1726) Although both are based on the adventures experienced by the actors, they include political ideas of the time. 19th Century: The genre was consolidated with titles that have become classics (The Three Musketeers, 1844).
Catalan Literature:
- Josep Maria Folch i Torres: First author to cultivate adventure literature as a genre.
- Second half of the 20th century: Manuel Pedrolo, and recently, Gemma Lienas and Maite Carranza.
Features
- Time: Past, present, or future (science fiction novels).
- Story Time: There is a story that takes place during a certain time; the work varies.
- Time Processing:
- Linear: The facts are ordered chronologically, and subsequently, the action always goes forward.
- Nonlinear: The story suffers breakdowns, and there is an alternation between past and present.
- Space: Places where the events occur.