Key Concepts in Networking and Protocols

Posted on Mar 8, 2025 in Contemporary Music Composition

Protocols and Features

  1. Protocols: Dependent features.
  2. In the WAN: Accountability.
  3. In communication: The network level.
  4. WAN interconnected networks: Link switches.
  5. Stations in a WAN: Transmitters, receivers, or brokers.
  6. The services of the network layer: Implement showcase to be connection-oriented or not.
  7. The mechanism of connection: Packet switching.
  8. Primary function: The previous three.

Routing and Network Interconnection

  1. The routing function: Select the shortest route.
  2. The flooding algorithm: The distribution of packages.
  3. The interconnection of networks: A switch or bridge.
  4. Routers must have: As many interfaces as connected networks.

IP Addressing and Protocols

  1. IP is: Not connection-oriented.
  2. IP used to identify stations: A system of logical addresses.
  3. IPv4 addresses: Have a length of 32 bits.
  4. The IP address C14C0B20: Is a class C address.
  5. A network with IPv4 addressing: Class C.
  6. Class D addresses: Transmit messages.
  7. All networks that are connected to the internet: Are allocated by the InterNIC.
  8. Address 128.0.0.0: Is a Class B address (uses the first two octets).
  9. The address 127.0.0.1: Refers to the current station (localhost).
  10. A message to 220.183.20.255: Is sent to all stations on network 220.183.20.0.
  11. Address 10.0.1.100: Is reserved by the NIC.
  12. Messages addressed: Can be routed.
  13. A message to 255.255.255.255 is: Received by all stations on the local network.
  14. A message addressed to 224.0.100.115: Is a Class D multicast address.

Netmasks and Subnetting

  1. The netmask is used: To get the NetID.
  2. Network with IP address: A network of 126 class A networks.
  3. The number of subnets in network 200.100.50.0 (Class C): 6 subnets starting with 200.100.50.32.
  4. A Class A network on the internet: Supports 126 hosts per subnet (128 – 2, accounting for network and broadcast addresses).
  5. If you use the address: It involves fewer concerns about the bits.

Packet Size and Fragmentation

  1. The maximum size of an IP packet: 64KB.
  2. All segments of an internet: May have different MTUs (Maximum Transmission Units).

ARP, Routing Protocols, and Multicasting

  1. ARP is the protocol that lets you: Resolve MAC addresses.
  2. If the destination network is connected to a message: It’s a simple IP message.
  3. PivotTables are maintained by: Routing protocols automatically.
  4. Multicast messages: May traverse routers.
  5. Makes the tables is not.
  6. The routing protocol: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First).
  7. The technique called split horizon: Prevents a router from advertising routes through the interface it learned them from.

Autonomous Systems and IP Fragmentation

  1. An autonomous system: Uses the same routing protocols.
  2. If an IP datagram can be fragmented, the bit is: 0.
  3. If an IP datagram is fragmented, the bit is: 0.
  4. The field that indicates the position: The displacement field.
  5. The address 124.68.251.128: Is *not* an IPv6 address. It is an IPv4 address.

Other Protocols and Technologies

  1. The NetBEUI protocol: Uses MAC addresses.
  2. Allocation Protocol: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
  3. IPX addresses: Used by Novell servers.
  4. X.25: The standard that allows intercommunication.
  5. In the switched virtual circuit: There is a need to make a call.
  6. Telematic services accessed: In two phases.
  7. The service X.28: Governs the connection of terminals.
  8. The service used for transmission: Fax.
  9. The service set up to automatically: Dataphones.
  10. EDI is: An exchange service (Electronic Data Interchange).
  11. The main features of the technology: Start of telephony.
  12. Service that enables video conferencing: There are standards.
  13. The reference points: The gaps between.
  14. The primary access method for a user: 30B + D.
  15. ISDN uses: LAPD (Link Access Procedure, D channel).
  16. Frame Relay: Performs the same function.
  17. Frame Relay uses: Only one protocol.
  18. The committed information rate: A rate of shipping.
  19. Standard or AAL ATM Adaptation: Is the top layer of the architecture.
  20. ATM uses: The standard SDH over fiber.
  21. A virtual path: A set of virtual channels.