Key Events in Mexican History: From Reform Laws to Revolution
Key Events in Mexican History
1. The Reform Laws played an important role in the consolidation of Independence because:
- Led to the emergence of new social groups to transform the country’s economic structure.
2. The Reform Laws had some negative consequences. One of them, according to the textbook, was:
- The development of large estates.
3. By 1856, the main difference between liberals and conservatives was that the latter intended to:
- Avoid political, economic, and social revolution and defend the interests of the clergy and the landowners.
4. One of the tenets of the Constitution of 1857 was:
- The recognition of popular sovereignty.
5. One of the positive consequences of the Reform Laws was:
- Circulation of large ecclesiastical capital.
6. Juarez, in his Manifesto to the Nation in 1859, argued that to entrench the principles of the constitution was necessary:
Separation of church and state.
7. One of the measures taken by his government to restore Juarez in 1861 was:
- Expel church leaders who supported the conservative group.
8. One of the main propositions applauded by the Board of Notables in July 1863 was:
- Adopt a form of government for Mexico inherited from a Catholic monarchy.
9. By the Mac Lane-Ocampo Treaty, signed in December 1859, the Liberals pledged to:
- Allow the free movement of Americans in perpetuity through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
10. To come to rule Mexico, Maximilian made it a condition that:
- He was supported by the majority of the Mexican people.
11. One of the immediate objectives Juarez set after the triumph of the Republic was:
- Organize public finances.
12. One of the difficulties encountered by the governments of Juárez and Lerdo to consolidate political and social reforms the country needed was:
- Lack of political support from the conservative group.
13. The author of the Plan de la Noria was:
- Porfirio Diaz
14. Two trends which split the Liberal Party in 1867 were:
- Lerdistas and porfiristas.
15. During his rule, Juarez achieved some advancements in education, one of them was:
- Creation of the National Preparatory School.
16. One of the main points of the Tuxtepec Plan was:
- Ignorance of Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada as president.
17. The legal act that allowed Diaz to assume the Presidency of the Republic from 1888 to 1892 was the:
- Constitutional amendment that allowed re-election for one further period.
18. Porfirio Diaz became president of the Republic in 1877. This was possible thanks to:
- Military movement that grew out of the Plan of Tuxtepec.
19. One of the great international problems Diaz attended during his regime was:
- The clash with Guatemala due to border problems.
20. To stop the advance of the revolutionary movement, Diaz offered to legally establish:
- Free organization of political parties.
21. The marked social differences in the Porfiriato were primarily due to:
- Unrestrained exploitation of natural resources by local and foreign capitalists.
22. One of the fundamental objectives of Porfirio Diaz to promote investment of foreign capital in the country was:
- Increase the export of raw materials.
23. The essence of literary modernism in our country was:
- The absence of Mexican national values in most of the works.
24. The philosophy of positivism exerted profound influence on the cultural life of Mexico. The introducer of this current was:
- Gabino Barreda.
25. The most momentous work of Justo Sierra was:
- The creation of the National University of Mexico.
26. One of the means used by Diaz to exert absolute political control of the country was:
- Relying on the power of local chieftains.
27. A hallmark of the Democratic Party, which emerged as a result of the Díaz-Creelman interview, was its striving for:
- Respect for freedom and human life.
28. A determining factor in the fall of Porfirio Diaz’s government was:
- The withdrawal of support from foreign investors.
29. One of the basic tenets of the Mexican Liberal Party program was:
- The establishment of a maximum 8-hour workday.
30. The thrust developed by Madero in the presidential succession in 1910 is summarized in the slogan:
- Effective suffrage, no re-election.
31. Among the events that influenced the rise of the Mexican labor movement, the following stands out:
- The union activity of some Spanish anarchists.
32. An event that led to the overthrow of Francisco I. Madero was:
- The coup led by Victoriano Huerta.
33. One of the key points of the Plan de San Luis was:
- The cancellation of the elections of June 26, 1910.
34. Under the regime of Madero, the principles of agrarian revolution were not put into practice. This was mainly because:
- Porfiristas continued to occupy important positions in government.
35. One of the fundamental goals of the Zapatistas was:
- Restore the lands to the people.
36. The intervention of the United States in the overthrow of Madero was done mainly through:
- The support given by its ambassador in Mexico to Porfirista groups.
37. According to the textbook, workers’ centers struggling to get their job demands arose as a result of:
- Dissemination of the PLM Program.
38. One of the hallmarks born by government representatives and the Revolution in the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez was:
- The resignation of Porfirio Diaz as President of the Republic.
39. One of the Labor Organizations that were created in 1911 as a result of the manifesto of the larger groups was:
- National Workers Confederation (CNT).
40. With the proclamation of the Plan of Guadalupe, Carranza sought primarily to:
- Restore the legal government.
41. As a result of the failure of the agricultural demands, Zapata proclaimed the Plan de Ayala, claiming primarily:
- Return of land that belonged to the peasants.
42. The factions that divided the revolutionary forces after the overthrow of Victoriano Huerta were:
- Pancho Villa, Carranza, and Zapata.
43. One of the provisions of the Convention of Aguascalientes was:
- Gutierrez’s appointment as Acting President of the Republic.
44. When the United States landed its troops at the port of Veracruz in 1914, it intended primarily to:
- Prevent the seizure of power by the army of Carranza.
45. One of the fundamental postulates of Article 3 of the Constitution was:
- Primary education shall be free and compulsory.
46. The foreign policy of Venustiano Carranza was characterized by protecting the interests of the nation. This is manifested mainly in:
- His choice to advance against U.S. imperialism.
47. One of the principles laid down by Article 27 of the Constitution of 1917 is:
- The domain of the Nation on the minerals or substances which are underground.
48. The reasons argued by Carranza to convene a Constituent Congress were:
- Review the socioeconomic status of the nation to enact legislation in conformity with the reforms enacted during the fight and preserve the liberal spirit.
49. An event that occurred during the government of Alvaro Obregon was:
- The foundation of the SEP.
50. During the rule of Portes Gil, the State and the Church came to a reconciliation based on:
- Absolute respect for the Constitution by the members of the Church.
51. One of the basic guidelines of the religious policy of Plutarco Elias Calles was:
- The application of constitutional principles that decouple education from the Church.
52. The government of Lopez Mateos was characterized by the introduction of a comprehensive program of national development. To achieve its goals, among other measures, it boosted:
- Land reform introducing new techniques in agriculture.
53. One of the measures taken by the Cardenas government in agriculture was:
- Remove the large estates in the country.
54. According to the textbook, one of the three exponents of Mexican mural painting is:
- José Clemente Orozco.
55. After the Revolution, one of the principles governing international politics in Mexico is:
- Respect for self-determination for all peoples.