Language Structure: Units, Phrases, and Parts of Speech
Language is the faculty that allows humans to communicate using oral signs.
Language is the set of signs and rules that are at the disposition of all speakers of a language. The speaker makes use of language in constructing a particular message.
Units of Language
The units of a language belong to different levels. The units of the same level are merged to result in more complex units.
Phonemes
Phonemes are the models speakers have for different sounds.
Monemes or Morphemes
Monemes or morphemes are meaning units that are part of a word. There are three types of morphemes: root, lexical morpheme or lexeme; desinence or inflectional morpheme, affixed or derivative morpheme.
Statements and Prayers
A statement is a set of words by which a person expresses an idea.
Prayers are enunciations having one or more verbs in person. Sentences are sentences without a verb in person.
Phrases and Their Components
We call the set method to the way the speaker presents the utterance (assertions, a question, an order…).
A phrase is a group of words in the sentence that plays a specific function: subject, predicate…
The nucleus of the phrase may be accompanied by a determiner or a modifier and a few accessories.
One can distinguish various kinds of phrases: nominal, prepositional, verbal, adjectival, and adverbial.
The prayer is formed by a noun and a verb phrase, including establishing a relationship of agreement.
Verb Phrases and Verbs
They are verb phrases which have as nucleus a verb. Along the verb can appear a switch and one or more supplements.
Verbs are action words that name variables, states, or processes in a given time.
The verb forms are the result of combining a root and some endings.
Tenses, Modes, and Adverbs
A tense is a set of verbal forms that show variation in number and person.
The tenses are arranged on three verbal modes: the indicative, the subjunctive, and instructions.
Adverbs are invariable words that express assertions, denial, or doubt, or mean circumstances of place, time, manner, or quantity.
In its meaning, there are seven kinds of adverbs: of place, time, and so, amount of claim, denial, and doubt.
Nouns and Their Characteristics
The noun is a noun nucleus, which normally carries a determinant prefix and can be accompanied by a supplement.
Nouns are words that name entities we can think of as independent. They function as the noun phrase nucleus.
In its genre, nouns can be masculine or feminine.
In number, nouns can be singular or plural. In general, the plural is formed by adding -s or -es to the singular form.
In its meaning, nouns are classified as common or proper, concrete or abstract, individual or collective, countable or uncountable.
Determiners and Adjectives
Ion for determining the function performed by paragraph and adjectives of certain natives.
The article is a meaningless variable word used to clarify the presence of a noun or an equivalent segment.
The determinative adjectives are words which specify the substantive and limit its extension.
The determinative adjectives have the following classes: possessive, demonstrative, numerals, indefinite, interrogative, and exclamatory.
The complementary function of the core ion is typical of nominal adjectives.
The adjectives are variable words that name qualities or circumstances that are said of a noun.
The adjective is the nucleus of the adjectival phrase. It can work in addition to the name attribute or predicate complement.
What adjectives can be a completion of each ion (the same shape for males and females) or adjectives of two terminations (they have different forms for males and females).
Specified adjectives to the noun selected by the ion of a characteristic poses. The explanatory adjectives highlight a particular quality of the substantive and therefore do not restrict its meaning.
The degrees of the adjective are three: positive, comparative (superiority, equality, excellence, or inferiority), and superlative.