Latin Prepositions and Case Translations

Posted on Mar 17, 2025 in Latin

Complements

Cum + Ablative

Translates to:

  • Addition of something
  • Increase in company
  • Increase in union

In + Ablative

Translates to:

  • The increase was in place

De + Ablative

Translates to:

  • Increase in movement from place
  • Increase in field
  • Additional argument
  • Complement of source (originally shown as a pronoun or common name)
  • Increase in guilt (with typical expressions of the law)
  • Additional removal or separation

E/Ex + Ablative

Translates to:

  • Increase in movement from place
  • Increase in field
  • Additional removal or separation
  • Partitive complement
  • Complement of source (originally shown as a pronoun or common name)

A/Ab + Ablative

Translates to:

  • Increase in movement from place
  • Additional agent
  • Increase in distance (if not indicating the location from which the distance is calculated)
  • Additional removal or separation (with things and personal names)
  • Complement of source (originally shown as a pronoun or common name)

Simple Ablative

Translates to:

  • Increase in means
  • The increase was in place (city or small island, 1st and 2nd declension plural)
  • Increase in movement from place (city or small island)
  • Addition of motion to place (transition to)
  • Complement of manner (noun + adjective)
  • Increase in cause (internal)
  • Addition of time
  • Addition of efficient cause
  • Increase in quality (natural quality or transitional state of mind)
  • Additional restriction
  • Increase in abundance
  • Addition of deprivation
  • Increase in price (price or estimate, determined or quantified)
  • Increase in penalty (penalty specifically indicated)
  • Complement of source (included in the family, social status, or names of their parents)
  • Increase in distance (indicating the measure of distance)

Pro + Ablative

Translates to:

  • Increase in substitution or exchange
  • Additional advantage and disadvantage

Prae + Ablative

Translates to:

  • Additional cause (impeding)

Ad + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Addition of motion to place
  • Increase in end

Per + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Increase in means (with people)
  • Addition of motion through a location (city or small island)
  • Addition of continuous time

In + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Addition of motion to place
  • Additional advantage and disadvantage

Ob/Propter + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Increase in cause (external)

Simple Accusative

Translates to:

  • Addition of motion to place
  • Addition of continuous time
  • Increase in distance (indicating the measure of distance)

Praeter/Extra + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Addition of exclusion

Inter + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Partitive complement

Contra + Accusative

Translates to:

  • Additional advantage and disadvantage

Locative Genitive

Translates to:

  • The increase was in place (city or small island, 1st and 2nd declension singular)

Simple Genitive

Translates to:

  • Increase in quality (moral quality)
  • Partitive complement
  • Increase in price (commercial estimate)
  • Increase in bulk
  • Increase in penalty (indefinite penalty)
  • Increase in quantity (depending on a neutral pronoun or noun, or adverb of quantity)

Causa/Gratia + Genitive

Translates to:

  • Increase in end

Spatio + Genitive

Translates to:

  • Increase in distance

Instar + Genitive

Translates to:

  • Increase in substitution or exchange

Simple Noun

Translates to:

  • Additional argument (or versions of titles of books)

Simple Dative

Translates to:

  • Additional advantage and disadvantage
  • Increase in end