LEAFA
. Landscape: Many definitions respecting heterogeneous character of landscape and its multidisciplinary character.
. Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their Environment.
. Environment is the biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development and evolution.
. Environmentalism is a broad social and philosophical movement that, in a large part, seeks to minimize and/or compensate the negative effect of human activity on the biophysical environment.
. Assessment is a process of gathering information, quantitative or qualitative valuing, prioritizing and ranking.
-Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
-Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)
. The main objective of the CZ Policy is to ensure: a healthy and high-quality environment for citizensliving in the Czech Republic, to significantlycontribute to a more effective use of resourcesand minimize negative impacts of human activitieson environment, including cross-border impacts,and thus contribute to the improvement of qualityof life in Europe and globally.
It focuses on the following areas: protection and sustainable use of resources, climate protection and air quality improvement, protection of nature and landscape, safe environment (pollution reduction).
. Impact is a direct or indirect effect caused by proposed activities on the environment to following categories: health and safety (HIA, OSHAS); soil, water, air, climate, landscape and historical buildings; interactions; cultural heritage and social-economic conditions.
. Social impacts are changes in life-style of inhabitants, their habits and values (well-being). For example demographic impacts.
. Panmictic population: idealized model of population: infinite number of individuals; absolute possibility of breading between all individuals other premises:
• no migration, no mutations, no selection, genetic drift does not metter.
Application: in theoretical models, as ideal stage for comparison with real populations and evaluation of their viability.
. EIA: is applied to real (actual) projects implemented by individuals or companies. Helps the stakeholders with the identification of the environmental, social and economic impacts of a proposed development before a decision is taking on whether or not to proceed. Council Directive 97/11/EC of 3 March 1997 amending Directive 85/337/EEC.
. SEA (strategic environmental assessment): applies to policies, plans and programs proposed by state authorities. Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament.
. Sustainable development: Sustainable development is the organizing principle development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services.
. ESIA (Environmental Social Impact Assessment): A process for predicting and assessing the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project, evaluating alternatives and designing appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures.
. LCA (Life Cycle Assessment): from cradle to grave, the evaluation of all successive stages of the system to assess its overall global impacts (ISO 14040). LCA determines the environmental impacts of products, processes or production, usage, and disposal services, through production, usage, and disposal.
. Environmental product declaration (EPD): Based on LCA, the approach ‚cradle to gate‘
. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a tool for assessing sustainable with respect to the activity or project being pursued benefits and costs.
. Risk assessment: a modern tool for evaluation of present risks of various activities and operations.
. Environmental management: is a complex activities dealing with and leading to a minimization of negative impacts of human activities in general on the biophysical environment.
. EMS vs EMAS:
-EMS: based solely on 14001:2015; worldwide system. ) Is a tool for managing the impacts of an organization’s activities on the environment.
-EMAS: upgraded EMS; EMAS provides tangible improvement in environmental performance, validated legal compliance, and comprehensible transparency through environmental reporting; EU(but already worldwide accepted)
. Cleaner production: is a preventive concept, a company-specific environmental protection initiative. It is intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output.
. Eco-labelling (Environmental labelling): such forms of marking (both graphic and written) that provide more detailed information on the relationship between the labelled product or service and the environment.
. ISO 14001 a 14004 – EMS; ISO 14006 – Eco-Design; ISO 14015 – EA of Sites and Organizations; ISO 14020 (series) – Env. Labels and Declarations; ISO 14025 – Environmental Declarations (EPD®); ISO 14031 – Environmental Performance Evaluation; ISO 14034 – Environ. Technology Verification; ISO 14040 (14040-14049) – Life Cycle Assessment; ISO 14046 – Water Footprint Principles; ISO 14064 – Measuring, Quantifying and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Carbon Footprint).
. Circular economy: It is presented as a system of resource exploitation where the reduction, reuse and recycling of the elements is the priority. 7 key elements: resources regenerative, preserve, waste as resource, design for the future, collaborate to create join value, rethink the business model, incorporate digital technology.
. Categories for red lists following IUCN: Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, Critically Endangered,Endangered,Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Least Concern, Data Deficient, Not Evaluated.
. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) deals with the evaluation of possible alternatives according to selected criteria, its aim is to summarize and sort out information about variant projects or solutions.
. Biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
. Environmental footprint: the effect that a person, company, activity, etc. has on the environment, for example the amount of natural resources that they use and the amount of harmful gases that they produce.
. The ecological footprint measures human demand on nature, i.e., the quantity of nature it takes to support people or an economy.
. Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value.
. Hazard is a situation/a character/a property that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment.
. Environmental Liability (ELD) : The directive is aimed at enforcement of claims to improve the environment.