Linguistic Constructions, Phrases, and Cinematic Sequences
Linguistic Constructions and Phrases
Idioms
Idioms are linguistic constructions peculiar to a certain language. Each component is related to the whole, creating a global meaning.
Phrases
Phrases are groups of words with a unitary meaning that can be replaced by another word. They are classified as nominal, characterizing, verbal, adverbial, conjunctive, or prepositional.
Phrases form stereotyped expressions with a verb kernel and can be confused with verbal phrases. Common verbs in sayings include: make, have, carry, be, and go.
Popular Sayings
Popular sayings, without moral or didactic intention, express thoughts as a trial relating at least two ideas.
Film Sequence
- A literary script must be written.
- Then, the script undergoes technical processing and literary translation into audiovisual language.
- Two columns are presented: the left describes images, and the right describes sound.
- Finally, the storyboard is prepared.
Preparing a Cinematic Sequence
- Select a narrative text.
- Select a portion of the text to compose scenes in a sequence and divide it.
- Determine camera placement and angles.
- Eliminate non-essential follow-up.
- Write the script and a guided literary technical sequence.
20th-Century Literature
The beginning of the 20th century is marked by modernity. From Europe, ideas promulgated by the technological and scientific revolution spread. Different countries embraced modern aesthetics in the arts. For Spain, experiencing a crisis due to the loss of colonies like Cuba and the Philippines, European influences arrived primarily from France, particularly impacting Barcelona’s modernism across all arts, especially literature.
At the start of the 20th century, the Renaixensa movement, modernism, noucentisme, and avant-garde poetry shared prominence.
Avant-Garde Poetry
Avant-garde literature was influenced by industrial renewal. It emerged as a response to bourgeois and capitalist society. Dadaist poetry was inconsistent, employing absurdity, randomness, and the subconscious. It experimented with syntax and sometimes blended with other art forms like painting or collage. Surrealist poetry introduced automatic writing. Futurist poetry emphasized modernity, speed, and machines. Notable poets include Charles Salvador and Joan Salvat-Papasseit.
Linguistic Registers
Linguistic registers refer to the way a speaker uses language. Typically, a user knows only one functional variety but uses several. Greater knowledge of speech varieties allows a speaker to adapt to different situations and language domains. This is known as communicative competence.
Choosing a Register
The situation dictates the most suitable register. The choice depends on the topic, channel, degree of formality, and communicative competence.
Topic
- General Topics: Refer to daily life and common things.
- Specialized Topics: Require specific vocabulary (e.g., medicine, literature).
Channel
- Oral: Improvised and ephemeral.
- Written: Prepared and submitted.
Degree of Formality
Communication requires a sender and receiver. Their relationship involves confidence, treatment, prior knowledge, age, personal or work relationships, etc. The level of formality can be higher or lower, requiring different registers. It is measured on four levels: very formal, formal, informal, or very informal.
- Private use: Lower degree of formality.
- Public use: Communication between strangers.
Communicative Intentionalities
- Report and find out.
- Regulate social life.
- Orient views and behavior.
- Create beauty.
Objective texts: Technical, expository, and administrative.
Subjective texts: Argumentative and literary.
Types of Registers
Many factors determine the choice of register, leading to a wide variety. Texts, oral or written, often include multiple register types.
Scientific and Technical Register
Aims for clear and precise messages. Uses specialized vocabulary (technicality). Employs simple, short sentences for easy understanding. Sentences are objective and impersonal.
Academic Register
Used in oral and written texts at the university level. Aims to transmit, store, and rework information objectively.
Legal and Administrative Register
Regulates social life and government-people relationships. Uses precise language with prefixed formulas and impersonality.
Journalistic and Advertising Register
Used in advertising and media communication, transmitted orally or in writing.
- Journalistic register: Has a divulgative purpose.
- Advertising register: Aims to persuade the receiver, sometimes using colloquial language.