Lipid Metabolism: Key Processes & Diseases
Lipid Metabolism
1. In the human body, synthesis of fatty acids occurs in:
c. Adipocytes
2. The critical process of emulsification of dietary lipids occurs:
b. In the duodenum
3. Cholesteryl esters are hydrolyzed by:
e. Answers C and D are correct
4. The role of bile in the digestion of triglycerides is:
a. Emulsification of fat drops to droplets
5. Beta-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) occurs in:
e. There is no correct answer
6. Fatty acids are NOT:
c. Associated with proteins in membranes
7. The immediate precursor of prostaglandins is:
d. Arachidonic acid
8. During the degradation of TAG:
a. Procolipase is activated by trypsin
9. Select the correct answer:
a. During the digestion of dietary lipids, cholecystokinin decreases gastric motility and stimulates the secretion of bile.
10. Mark true (T) or false (F) about Tay-Sachs disease:
a. Accumulation of gangliosides | T/F |
b. Muscular weakness and blindness | T/F |
c. Skeletal deformities | T/F |
11. Mark true (T) or false (F) about lipoproteins:
a. VLDL deliver cholesterol to the liver | T/F |
b. LDL are composed of low TAG and low cholesterol | T/F |
c. Chylomicrons deliver dietary triacylglycerol to the liver | T/F |
12. Mark true (T) or false (F) about plasma lipoproteins:
a. Chylomicrons are the lipoproteins with the highest percentage of proteins | T/F |
b. LDLs are denser than VLDL | T/F |
c. HDLs are the lipoproteins with the lowest percentage of protein | T/F |
13. Mark the true answer about hypertriacylglycerolemia:
a. Is caused by a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase
14. You prescribe ibuprofen to help reduce your patient’s inflammation. Which of the following pathways is blocked as an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
a. Prostaglandin synthesis
15. Niemann-Pick disease (an autosomal recessive disease) is caused by:
c. Deficiency of sphingomyelinase
16. A model presents the structure of:
b. Cholesterol
17. Colipase (secreted by the pancreas) is secreted as a zymogen – procolipase, which is activated in the intestine by:
c. Trypsin
18. Lipogenesis is regulated at the stage of acetyl CoA carboxylase:
e. There is no correct answer
19. Oxidation of LDL is (stimulated/inhibited) by:
a. Inhibited by ascorbic acid
b. Stimulated by hydrogen peroxide
c. Inhibited by Vitamin E
20. Essential fatty acid (linoleic and α-linolenic) deficiency can result in:
b. A scaly dermatitis, as well as visual and neurologic abnormalities
21. A palmitoyl-ACP is formed as a result of:
a. Five-cycle repetition of fatty acid synthesis
22. The most common compounds of bile acids are:
c. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
23. Mark true (T) and false (F) for the following sentences:
Carnitine can be obtained from the diet, where it is found primarily in meat products | T/F |
Carnitine can be synthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine | T/F |
Carnitine can be synthesized by an enzymatic pathway found in the liver and kidney | T/F |
Carnitine deficiency can be caused by pregnancy, severe infections, burns, trauma, or hemodialysis | T/F |
24. Describe the missing compound names in the scheme of fatty acid β-oxidation:
|
a. 3-L-hydroxyacyl-CoA
b. β-ketoacyl-CoA
c. Acetyl-CoA
d. Fatty acyl-CoA
25. Two molecules of phosphatidic acid (PA) esterified through their phosphate groups to an additional molecule of glycerol is called:
a. Cardiolipin
26. Pancreatic secretion of the hydrolytic enzymes that degrade dietary lipids in the small intestine is hormonally controlled by:
c. A small peptide hormone – cholecystokinin (CCK)