Literary Analysis: Exploring Lyric, Epic, and Dramatic Forms

Posted on Mar 8, 2025 in Latin

Literary Forms: Lyric, Epic, and Dramatic

Lyric: Expresses feelings and thoughts.

Epic: Narrates real or imagined events, objectively, in verse.

Dramatic: Used in the theater, featuring dialogue and characters, and presenting conflicts to engage the audience.

Structure of Poetic Forms

Poetic structures can be divided into one, two, or three parts. It’s an art organized in:

  • Minor verses (maximum 8 syllables)
  • Major verses (more than 8 syllables)

Rhyme

  • Consonance (gone, gone)
  • Assonance
  • No rhyme = loose verse

Verse Connections

  • Enjambment (without pause followed)

Verse Forms

  • Couplet – if 2 verses rhyme
  • Tercet – 3 verses
  • Quartet – Endeca consonant
  • Soleá – Octosyllabic, assonance – 3 verses, 4 verses
  • Serventesio – Endeca consonant – 4 verses
  • Redondilla – Octosyllabic consonant – 4 verses
  • Quatrain – Minor consonant – 4 verses
  • Copla – 4 verses, minor, assonance pairs
  • Lira – 5 verses, 3 heptasyllabic and 2 Endeca, consonant
  • Sonnet – 2 quatrains and 2 tercets
  • Serie – Indefinite verse, epic assonance
  • Romance – 8 syllables, assonance
  • Silva – 11 and 7 syllables, assonance or consonance to your taste

Literary Devices

  • Alliteration – Repetition
  • Onomatopoeia – Imitating sounds (e.g., crawling sounds)
  • Anaphora – Repeating “where, where”
  • Parallelism – “by, for, by”
  • Hyperbaton – Altering word order
  • Asyndeton – Faster pace
  • Polysyndeton – Slower pace
  • Antithesis – Opposite ideas
  • Hyperbole – Exaggeration
  • Simile – Comparison
  • Personification
  • Metaphor – “Rider drum”
  • Metonymy – “Drinking water” (a cup)

Antonio Machado (AM) – Poetic Stages

  1. 1st Stage (1903-1912): Intimate, lonely scribe, influenced by Bécquer and symbolism, with simple and light melancholy themes.
  2. 2nd Stage (1912-1924): Began with Soria and its shift to fields of Castile, “intimate, 1917 poetry” includes full comprehensive Leonor of fields, wife, and Andalusian theme.
  3. 3rd Stage (1924 to the last minute of life): “New songs,” “proverbs and cantares,” of irregular character, themes of relativism, time, criticism.

Modernist Trends

Azorín invents the Generation of ’98, but not be noventayochista, rather modernista. Within AM are 2 slopes of the modernist movement:

  • Orit Slope: Colorful and aesthetic (cosmetic restoration)
  • Reflective and intimate (inquiry of the senses)

Thematic and Formal Renewal

Breaking with realistic poetry prompted by the rejection of the bourgeois world and Bécquer and Rosalía. This movement is characterized by the protest against the irrational and bourgeois. It’s an antirealist movement rooted in French Parnassianism (art for art’s sake) and symbolism (search for shape, feeling, and mood).

New Items
  • New sources of inspiration: cosmopolitan poetry, aesthetic renewal, and far-culturalist poetry and exotic, paganism, legendary and historical, exaltation of sensations.
Formal Renewal
  • Enrichment of poetic vocabulary, style, sensory, rhythmic, and musical language: repetition and expressive metric.

Rubén Darío and Spanish Art Nouveau

The Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío is a flagship of the Spanish Art Nouveau and Hispano-American. In his poetry are the 2 aspects: the colorful and beautician and reflexima and intimate. Rubén was very important in Spain as part framework between AM and JRJ trend for a poem intimate, reflective leads JRJ pure poetry (cracion aesthetics)

Antonio Machado’s Poetic Note

  1. The roots come from symbolism and romance and Rosalía Bécquer.
  2. The objectives are to deepen Machado’s essence of things and promptness of poetry tiempo. Esta hits the vanguardismo.
  3. Poetry is dialogue with the same time.

Keyword Analysis

Keyword: Mini linguistic unit with full and independent meaning.

Types of Keywords

  • Endogenesis: Own language
    • Derivation: pan/es
    • Composition: out + corxo
    • Parasíntesis: derived components and rail
    • Abbreviations and acronyms: or poultry and onu Banesto
    • Short: cole picture
    • Set of word utterances function as 1: q civi guard
  • Exogenesis: Incorporation of exterior words to our language linguistico-aparcamiento/parking hotel or loan.

Other Linguistic Concepts

  • Archaism: Recovered from another era -do-where.
  • Denotation: Means of the word horse (animal)
  • Connotation: Meaning of horse (power, freedom)
  • Semenjanza (Similarity): Tooth-pearl
  • Contiguity: Wine sherry
  • Euphemism: Death – muet-croak <-difemsimo
  • Hyponym: Flower > daisy, jasmine … d inclusion relationship.
  • Partial synonymy: Ass-donkey, total-> game-hunting
  • Antonym: White-black
  • Homonymy: Wine-come-drink
  • Antithesis: Polyphemus-Galatea-white black
  • Paradox: Die-live
  • Polysemy: Cat-column