Manufacturing Processes
Manufacturing Processes: An Overview
What is a Jigsaw?
A jigsaw is a saw with a straight blade that moves up and down. Accessories can be used for various applications, including drilling.
What are Common Machining Operations?
Common machining operations include sawing, grinding, sanding, turning, and milling.
What are Lathes and Milling Machines Used For?
Lathe: Used for making cylindrical parts.
Milling Machine: Used for shaping complex pieces of metal or other materials.
Types of Manufacturing Processes
Manufacturing processes can be categorized by how they handle material:
- Maintaining the quantity of material
- Disposing of material
- Binding or adding material
Deformation and Molding Processes
Examples include folding, stuffing, stamping, forging, drawing, rolling, extrusion, and blow molding, as well as injection molding.
Drawing vs. Stamping
Drawing: Transforms a flat sheet into a hollow body.
Stamping: The material is pressed between two molds or dies.
What is Forging?
Forging consists of deforming metal in a block, once it is heated, by beating it with clubs or with a press.
What is Drawing (in Manufacturing)?
Drawing involves forcing the passage of material through calibrated holes of different diameters.
What is Extrusion?
Extrusion is similar to making churros. It’s a process where material is pushed through a die to create a specific shape.
What are Extrusion and Blow Molding Used For?
They are used to make hollow cylinders.
Extrusion vs. Injection Molding
Injection molding involves injecting a polymer melt into a closed mold and cooling it through a gate.
Machining Processes
Machining processes include drilling, milling, turning, grinding, and sanding.
What is a Grinder Wheel Made Of?
A grinder wheel is made of a very hard ceramic material.
Cutting Processes
Mechanical: Sawing and water jet cutting.
Thermal: Laser cutting, arc cutting, and oxy-fuel cutting.
Arc Cutting vs. Oxy-Fuel Cutting
Arc Cutting: Performed by utilizing heat produced from electric current.
Oxy-Fuel Cutting: Achieved through a joint effort of a combustible gas.
Objective of Quality Control
To detect defective parts and prevent them from reaching the market.
What is Normalization (in Manufacturing)?
A set of dispositions and activities that aim to ensure materials meet certain determined characteristics.
What is Metrology?
The science that addresses the study of units, instruments, and measurement systems.
Caliper Gauge Schematic
Precision = 1 / 20 = 0.05mm
Potential Injuries from Job Execution
Projection of particles, which can cause eye injuries, and splashes of chemical products.
What Does Industrial Hygiene Address?
It is concerned with preventing the onset of occupational diseases and accidents.
What is Environmental Impact?
The alteration that occurs in the environment whenever a project or activity is carried out.
Factors to Consider When Assessing Manufacturing Impact
Materials used, energy consumption, emissions, waste, and forms of transport.
Limits to Growth
The planet’s ability to provide energy and materials necessary to absorb pollution generated during use.
Best Way to Prevent Pollution
Do not produce it.
Define a Sustainable Society
A society that serves the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.
Three Principles for a Socially Sustainable Society
- Resource utilization rates do not exceed their regeneration rates.
- Non-renewable resource utilization rates do not exceed the rate at which substitutes are developed.
- Emission rates of contaminants do not exceed the assimilative capacity of the environment.
Conditions for a Physically Sustainable Society
Resources should be consumed no faster than they can be renewed.