Marine Biology Study Guide: Terms and Concepts

Acidic pH – 6

• Acids are – Can release hydrogen ions

All continental drift – Reefs

• All types of cells EXCEPT: – Movement

Amino acids – Polypeptides

• An environment if: – It would be difficult maintain homeostasis

An ex hydrogenous sediment – Manganese nodules

• An ex class Anthozoa phylum Cnidaria is: – Sea anemone

An example of abiotic factors influencing marine organisms is: – Salinity

• An ex mutualism – cleaner shrimp

An isopycnal water the density ____ with depth. – Remains the same

• An ooze is composed of ____% or more of biogenous sediments. – 30

An organic molecule is called: – Polymer

• An organism that main termed: – A homeotherm

An organism whose temp called a(n): – Ectotherm

• Anaerobic organisms thrive: – In oxygen- free environment

Anatomical isolation – Incompatible copulatory organs

• Animals covered by eight – Chitons

Animals that obtain are called: – Endotherms

• Animals with eight are called: – Ctenophores

Asconoid – Vase shape

• At the base of called: – The continental rise

Basic pH – 8

• Behavioral isoaltion – Divergent courtship methods

Binomial nomenclature – Genus and species

• Carbohydrates contain – Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide – 0.03%

• Carl Linnaeus – Binomial nomenclature

Cellular respiration – Mitochondria

• Charles Darwin – Speciation

Charles Lyell – Age of Earth

• Chitons, snails, clams and squid – Mollusca

Cnidaria – Reef forming

• Cnidarians that exhibit – Anthozoans

Cnidocytes are stinging – Cnidaria

• Colonial cnidarians – Hydrozoans

Communities of org. – Populations of different species

• Community – Populations of species in an area

Composed of granite – Crust

• Control group – group that is not exposed

Crossing over – Alleles switching chromosomes

• Ctenophora – Comb plates

Ctenophores feed on: – Planktonic animals

• Cytoplasm is comprised of: – Organelles and cytosol

Darwin produced a well – barnacles

• Deductive reasoning – Using accepted prop.

Dependent variable – The variable that measure and changes independent variable

• DNA’s shape is: – Helix

Drowned rivers help create: – Submarine canyons

• During what expedition – The Challenger Expedition

Ecology is: – The study of the interaction

• Ecosystem – Sum of biotic processes

Eight arms – Octopus

• Eight plates – Polyplacophora

Evolution – Individuals and populations

• Experimental group – Group independent var.

Fats, oils, and waxes – Lipids

• First-order consumer – Herbivore

Flagella – Propels cells through liquids

• Flat expanse on the sea floor – Abyssal plain

Flatworms can reproduce: – All

• Forced wave – Increasing in size due

Free wave – No longer influenced by

• From living organisms – Biogenous

From outer space – Cosmogenous

• Gaseous oxygen – Respiration bacteria

Genes are composed – Chromosomes

• Genetic information into ____, organism. – Proteins

Gentle slope – Continental rise

• Gills strain – Bivalvia

Glucose is a(n): – Six carbon sugar

• Groups of the – Tissues

Gyres are divided – Ekman spiral

• Habitat isolation – Spatially separated

Habitat refers to – All

• Head foot – Cephalopoda

How does one arrive or induction? – Observation

• Humans have relied for ___ and ___. – Food & Travel

Hydrogen bonds – The H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule

• Hydrogen forces have – Boiling point

Hypothesis – A statement that explains a

• Important nutrients – Nitrogen and Phosphate

In 1977 – Rift communities

• In eukaryotes – Mitosis

In most clear waters, 1% – 100m

• In the carbon cycle, – Increasing the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide as a result of respiration.

Independent variable – The variable manipulated by the researcher

• Inductive reasoning – Individual observations

Inner layer – Nacreous

• Intertidal chitons and snails ___- Foot

Intertidal zone – Benthic area exposed during low tide

• Island arcs are – Deep sea trenches

Jellyfish and box jellyfish are: – Scyphozoans

• Justin wondered – Recognize a problem

Kevin said “If – Form a hypothesis

• Kim’s experiment – Draw a conclusion

Knowledge of the ocean EXCEPT: – Ocean law

• Land erosion – Terrigenouos

Landscape change between – Shelf break

• Large external shell – Nautilus

Leuconoid – Complex folding

• Many gastropods – One valve

Medusa – Free floating larval

• Members of the same – A population

Metabolic wastes are: – The byproduct of metabolism

• Middle layer – Prismatic

Midocean ridges form: – where oceanic crust

• Mitochondrion – Energy powerhouse

Molluscs having two – Bivalvia

• Molluscs that live – Scaphopoda

Most bivalves are: – Filter feeders

• Most species of ctenophore are: – Hermaphroditic

Multicellular animals – Animalia

• Natural selection – Only individuals

Neritic Zone – Near shore

• Neutral pH – 7

Nitrogen atmospheric percentage: – 78.08%

• Nucleus – Protects DNA

Nudibranchs belong ____ Mollusca. – Gastropoda

• Oceanic Zone – Open ocean

Organisms that live – Ecosystem

• Outer layer – Periostracum

Oxygen atmospheric percentage: – 20.99%

• Oxygen during the early – Rare

Pangea, the name – Alfred Wegener

• Photic Zone – Primary production

Plant – Producer

• Plants and algae contain heterotrophs: – Mitochondria

Planula – Larval form

• Plasma membrane – Selects what enters the cell

Polyp – Attached form

• Population – Mussels in a rocky shore

Porifera – Filter feeding

• Predator – Carnivore

Predators that prevent – Keystone species

• Progressive wave – Wind generated

Qualitative data – Data in the form of descriptions

• Quantitative data – Data in the form of numbers

Random genetic change – Only populations

• Recombination – Increase in genetic variation

Regions above or below – Zones of stress

• Reproduction in prokaryotes – Binary fission

Reproduction in sponges – Cloning

• Rich in magnesium and iron silicates – Mantle

Salts are removed by – Adsorption onto particles

• Seamounts are formed from: – Underwater volcanoes

Seawater chemical processes – Hydrogenous

• Sediments that are composed of – Biogenous

Sexual Reproduction – Gametes

• Shallow extensions – Continental shelf

Small internal shell – Cuttlefish

• Small rise from abyssal plain – Abyssal hill

Solid, dense, hot, rich in iron and nickel – Inner core

• Sponges are considered: – Animals

Sponges belong to the phylum: – Porifera

• Sponges can have skel – Starch

Sponges live a(n) ____ lifestyle. – Sessile

• Sponges often – Space

Stomach foot – Gastropoda

• Submarine mountain – Seamount

Surface tension allows – Transmit light energy

• Syconoid – Simple folding

T/F: A dead zone – True

• T/F: Air in the northern – False

T/F: An organism’s – True

• T/F: Bathygraphic – False

T/F: Capillary waves are small. – True

• T/F: Cephalization – True

T/F: Charles Darwin – True

• T/F: Christopher Columbus – True

T/F: Collar cells – False

• T/F: Continental crust – True

T/F: Crustaceans have – True

• T/F: Decomposers play – True

T/F: Every type of – False

• T/F: Heterotrophic organisms – True

T/F: It is important to study – True

• T/F: Most cephalopods – False

T/F: Plunging waves – False

• T/F: Remote sensing – True

T/F: Snails, limpets – True

• T/F: Sponges can – True

T/F: The abyssal zone – False

• T/F: The concentration of – True

T/F: The hydrological cycle – True

• T/F: The planktonic form – True

T/F: The salinity – False

• T/F: The source – True

T/F: The thermal capacity – True

• T/F: The type and amount – False

T/F: The world ocean covers – True

• T/F: Trace elements are NOT – False

T/F: True jellyfish belong – False

• T/F: Tsunamis are the result of the storm surge of hurricanes. – False

T/F: Turbellarians detect small prey items using chemoreceptors. – True

• T/F: Water enters the spongocoel through the osculum. – False

Ten arms in five pairs – Squid

• The ____ have cerata on their – Nudibranchs

The area beyond neritic called? – Ocean basin

• The area directly below – Continental margin

The average salinity ____%. – 35

• The biosphere: – Supports all of the life on earth

The charge of a water – Polar

• The Cnidarians possess: – Stinging cells

The continental rise – Underwater landslides

• The Coriolis effect is: – The apparent deflection of air and water

The deepest underwater – Mariana Trench

• The density of air – Decreasing moisture

The digestive system – Visceral mass

• The distance over – Fetch

The first person – Harry Hess

• The following are all – Cellulose

The following are main points – Fish are confused by the amphipods

• The forces of the mantle – Continental drift

The genetic information – DNA

• The geological evidence that – Charles Lyell

The habitat of a species has – Both abiotic and biotic factors

• The hard exterior of crabs – Chitin

The majority of the heat – Radiation of heat into the atmosphere.

• The mass of a substance – Density

The molluscan shell – Mantle

• The molluscs: – Possess a soft body covered with a mantle

The most common planktonic – Veliger larva

• The most complete scientific – Combining oceanographic and marine biological studies

The movement of water – Osmosis

• The nematocysts of cnidarians – Cnidocytes

The nephridium of molluscs – Excretory system

• The niche of the – The occupation (needs and role) of the species in the ecosystem

The number of – 20

• The ocean is frequently – World ocean

The opening of the shells – Operculum

• The orderly pattern of gathering – Scientific method

The organelle responsible for radiant – Chloroplasts

• The organelles of movement – Flagella and cilia

The outer layer of the molluscan the ____ layer. – Periostracum

• The oxygen minimum – Just below the sunlit surface

The pelagic division – Water column

• The person who presented – Alfred Wallace

The pH of seawater – All the answers are correct

• The pH scale is – Concentration of hydrogen ion

The phrase “Study nature, not books” – Louis Agassiz