Marriage Evolution: Restoration to 18th Century Perspectives
Marriage in the Restoration and 18th Century
This essay discusses the evolution of marriage during the Restoration and the 18th century, focusing on the views of key authors.
17th Century Marriage: Male Dominance
In the 17th century, church sermons and conduct books emphasized male dominance. Women were advised to endure mistreatment patiently, with marriage serving primarily the man’s needs.
John Milton’s Challenge to Traditional Marriage
John Milton, in 1643, challenged this view, advocating for “mutual comfort and help” within marriage. His works, including Paradise Lost, highlighted the importance of love and individual decisions within the marital union.
Restoration Theatre: Infidelity and Satire
Restoration theatre often depicted marriage as a source of infidelity and satire. Women were portrayed as unfaithful, while men were often depicted as foolish. Plays like The Way of the World by William Congreve, emphasized contractual agreements and greed over love.
18th Century: The Rise of Sentimental Marriage
The 18th century saw a shift towards sentimental marriage, with novels like Daniel Defoe’s Roxana criticizing the idea of marriage as a business transaction. This period marked the beginning of the concept of marriage for love.
Mary Astell’s Advocacy for Women’s Rights
Mary Astell, in Some Reflections upon Marriage, examined women’s subordination and advocated for better education to enable women to choose their husbands wisely. She believed affection should be based on benevolence, not physical desire.
Conclusion: A Transformation of Marriage
The concept of marriage transformed from an unhappy, abusive arrangement to a consensual, loving union, thanks to the writings of authors who challenged societal norms.