Marxism vs. Hobbesianism: Contrasting Views on Society & State
Marx is a Marxist close connection to real life.
On the one hand, reduces the idealistic theories and utopian aspirations of socialism to real and concrete limits imposed by the analysis of the new industrial society.
Marx waiver to pure philosophy (theory) to study the economic situation philosophically, in order to transform it through political action. On these bases, Marxism provides the concept of pure philosophy, not considered either as a theoretical speculation, nor as a moral practice, but sees it as a philosophy of práxis.Para define what is materialism, resorts Theorem theology of creation outlined in the following terms, if the world was created by God, or eternal. The solution to this problem divides philosophers into two groups: Idealist, who claim that God is the creator of the world. Materialists argue that the matter is eterna.Según the concept that material has at least two kinds of materialism: Metaphysical, believes the matter is an inert mass, fixed and unmoving. Dialectic, is Marxism. He says the matter has itself movimiento.La the principle of division between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is a product of industrial production process. Before this appeared, the work was done through a series of individual acts now, however, is carried out by a number of social events, and the machines used n the process does not require individual work, but the collective . Types of alignment: the economic alienation is the fundamental Marxism is where they dig up all the others. Philosophical alienation: This is the illusion of trying to interpret or contemplate reality apart from the praxis, that is, real and material conditions of existence humana.Alienación policy: It consists in assuming that the state represents the reconciliation of interests when is actually a repressive instrument of the ruling class. Religious alienation: It consists in projecting an imaginary God with attributes that only belong to man. The man is lost in the illusion of a world social trascendente.Alienación: Projecting the class conflict on the unrealistic level of a harmonious society by hiding the reality of class struggle as the class Luha is not accidental but constitutivo.Según something Marx, praxis is where man must prove the truth. The question whether human thinking is an objective truth is not theoretical but practical. A critique of materialism of the eighteenth century, according to the materialist, man is the result of specific historical circumstances and conditions. For Marx this materialism lso is passive and the practical consequence of this material is the division of society into two parts.
Hobbes is a rationalist and materialist philosopher. Politics is a science. It is breaking down society into its elements and then recompose them in a logical and systematic whole. The method of science is applied in this case to the social life Human nature consists of two elements that constitute the determinants of the political problems in Hobbes. Are the reason and the passions. Natural equality of men: Nature has made men so equal in their bodily and mental faculties scarcity of goods that all men crave as a result of their needs. Thus, equality (in the forces in competition) comes uncertainty and insecurity of war is necessary to distinguish several stages in the history of power.
1 The state of nature. The natural state is the hypothetical condition in which men would live if there is no power like the state. The natural man, as a body, tends to assert itself the result of this first law is what we already know: the conflict of all against all 2 The civil society. For Hobbes there is a natural law and natural laws. Natural law is related to self-
Preservation
Hobbes defined as the freedom of everyone to use its own power, in the way you want, for the preservation of nature, namely his own life. As natural law, is “a precept or general rule discovered by reason and prohibiting, on the one hand, do what you can destroy your life or hinder their means of preservation, and secondly, stop doing what they can preserve the best possible life. “The first two consist of natural laws to Hobbes, to seek peace and defend themselves by all possible means are taken to reach. The state is a person: A crowd is when one person is represented by a single man or a person, provided that either with the consent of each one in particular who has always componen.Hobbes criticized the division of powers strongly supporting the theory of sovereign absoluta.El sovereignty has no outer limit to its power. But it is supremely rational, therefore, has no power to do what you want, at least to make questionable sovereignty. The main limitation of sovereignty are the reason and, in some ways, the professional conscience of the sovereign. It would be unreasonable that the sovereign would not seek the interests of their people Hobbes justify absolutism with utilitarian arguments. His thinking is essentially individualistic. The basis of absolutism is the individual’s right to self-preservation. The origin of absolutism is enlightened self-interest. The individual reaches másperfecto development in the authoritarian state. His political conception articulates on its ontology and it is directly inspired by the new physics and its mechanism.