Mastering English Grammar: Comparisons, Wishes, and More

Comparisons

  • Parallel comparison: The more I study, the better results I will get.
  • Progressive comparison: My brother is getting taller and taller.
  • Equality: My dog is as big as yours.

Conditional Sentences

  • As if/as though: I was really thirsty. I felt as if I had been in the desert for months.
  • I’d rather: I’d rather eat a sandwich than drink a Coke. I’d rather you stayed with me today.
  • I’d better: I’d better get my jacket.
  • I want you: My mother says to me, “I want you to clean the bath.”

Other Grammatical Structures

  • Not only: They didn’t come, not only because it was raining but also because it was late.
  • So as to: We got up early so as to get there first.
  • Since: I have lived in Valencia since I was born.
  • As: As many of us didn’t understand the exercise, the teacher explained it again.
  • In order that: I have studied a lot of English in order that I pass my exam.
  • So that: I have studied a lot of English so that I pass my exam.
  • Before: Before going to the cinema, I went to the swimming pool.
  • As a result: I have been cooking all morning; as a result, we can eat a great paella.
  • Too: It’s too late to apologise.
  • Enough: The coffee isn’t cold enough for me to drink.
  • Have/get something done: I will have my room painted by tomorrow.
  • It’s time: It’s time to change my mobile. It’s time for me to save money. It’s time she behaved properly.
  • How fast he runs!
  • What horrible weather!
  • Unless: You shouldn’t use your mobile phone unless it is necessary.
  • As long as: You can stay here as long as you don’t make too much noise.
  • I wish I were a model.
  • To + infinitive: Eva started to swim at the age of 18.
  • In order to: He went to Valencia in order to start speaking Spanish.

Tenses

  • Interruption: I was studying when my mother arrived.
  • After: After having a bath, I studied a little bit.
  • Simultaneous actions: I was studying my history exam while my mother was cooking.
  • By the time: By the time we arrived, the party had finished.
  • Until: I had to wait until my brother finished.
  • Whenever: Whenever you want, you can come to my house.
  • As soon as: As soon as I get home, I will give you a telephone call.
  • Last time: The last time I played tennis, I was pathetic.

Nouns and Adjectives

  • -ance: abundant → abundance, elegant → elegance, important → importance
  • -cy: deficient → deficiency, fluent → fluency, decent → decency
  • -ence: violent → violence, resident → residence, present → presence
  • -ity: creative → creativity, secure → security, productive → productivity
  • -ness: happy → happiness, ill → illness, sad → sadness

Nouns and Verbs

  • -al: bury → burial, refuse → refusal, survive → survival
  • -ance: enter → entrance, perform → performance, accept → acceptance
  • -ation: vary → variation, found → foundation, explain → explanation
  • -ing: feel → feeling, drive → driving, write → writing
  • -ion: educate → education, invent → invention, create → creation
  • -ment: retire → retirement, develop → development, excite → excitement

Common Expressions

  • Make: the bed, a noise, a mistake, a phone call, a visit, an offer
  • Do: exercise, sport, a test, your homework, harm, good
  • As brave as a lion, as cold as ice, as red as a rose, as good as gold

Prefixes

  • Dis-: disagree, dislike, disorder
  • Il-: illegal, illegible, illogical
  • Im-: immature, imperfect, impossible
  • In-: informal, injustice, invisible
  • Non-: non-smoker, non-stop, non-verbal
  • Un-: unable, unreal, unusual

Phrasal Verbs

  • Get up: levantarse
  • Go down: bajar
  • Go off: salir
  • Take out: sacar
  • Take after: parecerse a
  • Come along: venir
  • Get at: llegar a
  • Get into: subir al coche
  • Go with: ir con
  • Look like: parecen