Mastering English Verb Tenses and Key Vocabulary
English Verb Tenses
Present Simple
(Habitual actions)
- I live
- I don’t live
- Do I live?
- He lives
- He doesn’t live
- Does he live?
Present Continuous
(At this moment – +ing)
- I am walking
- I am not walking
- Am I walking?
- He is walking
- He isn’t walking
- Is he walking?
Past Simple
(Action completed in the past – +ed)
She worked yesterday – She didn’t work yesterday – Did she work yesterday?
Past Continuous
(Past actions completed due to interruption, specific time – +ing)
She was cooking all day – She wasn’t cooking when he came home – Was she cooking when he came home?
Present Perfect Continuous
(Unfinished actions from the past that have not yet finished – +ing)
I have been learning English for two years – I haven’t been learning English for two years – Have you been learning English for two years?
Present Perfect Simple
(Past actions that have importance in the present – +ed)
I have played – I haven’t played – Have I played?
Past Perfect Simple
(Event that happened before another event – +ed)
I had visited Hogwarts before, so I knew where the Gryffindor common room was.
Past Perfect Continuous
(Actions in development which took place before another finished action – +ing)
I had been working – I hadn’t been working – Had you been working?
Future
Future Simple
(Future actions)
I will help you – I won’t help you – Will you help me?
Be Going To
(Intentions)
Present Simple
(Schedules)
My flight leaves at 6 AM.
Future Continuous
I will be playing at 9 PM tomorrow / This time tomorrow I’ll be traveling.
Future Perfect
(An action will be completed before a certain time in the future)
Example: He will have done it by this evening.
Environmental Vocabulary
Average – Mitjana
Beast – Animal
Carbon footprint – Huella tactilar
Crop – Collita
Dump – Llençar
Eco-friendly – Ecològic
Endangered – En perill d’extinció
Flooding – Inundació
Fossil fuel – Combustible fòssil
Greenhouse effect – Efecte hivernacle
Hazardous – Perillós
Insulate – Aïllar
Knock down – Fer caure
Landfill – Abocador
Layer – Capa
Leak – Filtrar
Lean – Tenir inclinació
Large-scale – A gran escala
Melt – Desfer-se
Moisture – Humitat
Plain – Plana
Revive – Reviure
Sink – Enfonsar-se
Soil – Terra
Thaw – Descongelar-se
Trample – Trepitjar
Vast – Enorme
Waste – Residus
Waste – Residus
Annoying – Molest
Ash – Cendra
Propose – Proposar
Scheme – Projecte
Seabed – Fons
The point of no return – El punt sense retorn
Exposure – Exposició
Disappear from – Desaparèixer de
Beginning – Començament
Knowledge – Coneixements
Emission – Emissió
Get rid of – Desfer-se de
Consist of – Consisteix en
Benefit from – Beneficiar-se de
Common Idioms
Now or never – Ara o mai
Give or take – Més o menys
Tried and tested – D’eficiència provada
Black and white – Blanc o negre
Sick and tired – Fart
Sink or swim – Enfonsar-se o nedar
Rise and shine – Llevar-se
Now and then – De vez en cuando
Safe and sound – Sano y salvo
Sooner or later – Tarde o temprano
Pros and cons – Pros i contres
Loud and clear – Alt i clar
Tossing and turning – Tirant i girant
Peace and quiet – Pau i tranquil·litat
More or less – Més o menys
More than less – Més que menys
Right or wrong – Correcte o incorrecte
Succeed or fail – Triomfar o fracassar
An old solution that really works – Una solució antiga que realment funciona
Understood by everyone – Entesa per tothom