Mastering English: Verbs, Grammar, and Vocabulary
Irregular Verbs
Be – was/were – been // Become – became – become // Begin – began – begun // Bend – bent – bent // Bite – bit – bitten // Blow – blew – blown // Break – broke – broken // Bring – brought – brought // Build – built – built // Burn – burnt – burnt // Buy – bought – bought // Can – could // Catch – caught – caught // Choose – chose – chosen // Come – came – come // Cost – cost – cost // Cut – cut – cut // Dig – dug – dug // Do – did – done // Draw – drew – drawn // Drink – drank – drunk // Drive – drove – driven // Eat – ate – eaten // Fall – fell – fallen // Feed – fed – fed // Feel – felt – felt // Fight – fought – fought // Find – found – found // Fly – flew – flown // Forget – forgot – forgotten // Freeze – froze – frozen // Get – got – got // Give – gave – given // Go – went – gone // Grow – grew – grown // Have – had – had // Hear – heard – heard // Hide – hid – hidden // Hold – held – held // Hurt – hurt – hurt // Keep – kept – kept // Kneel – knelt – knelt // Know – knew – known // Lean – leant – leant // Learn – learnt – learnt // Leave – left – left // Let – let – let // Lie – lay – lain // Lose – lost – lost // Make – made – made // May – might // Mean – meant – meant // Meet – met – met // Pay – paid – paid // Put – put – put // Read – read – read // Ride – rode – ridden // Ring – rang – rung // Rise – rose – risen // Run – ran – run // Say – said – said // See – saw – seen // Sell – sold – sold // Send – sent – sent // Shake – shook – shaken // Shine – shone – shone // Shoot – shot – shot // Show – showed – shown // Shut – shut – shut // Sing – sang – sung // Sit – sat – sat // Sleep – slept – slept // Slide – slid – slid // Smell – smelt – smelt // Speak – spoke – spoken // Spell – spelt – spelt // Spend – spent – spent // Stand – stood – stood // Steal – stole – stolen // Strike – struck – struck // Sweep – swept – swept // Swim – swam – swum // Take – took – taken // Teach – taught – taught // Tell – told – told // Think – thought – thought // Throw – threw – thrown // Understand – understood – understood // Wake – woke – woken // Wear – wore – worn // Write – wrote – written
Grammar: Present Perfect and Past Simple
Present Perfect (PP): Subject + have/has (+ not) + verb (past participle or 3rd column)
Past Simple (PS): Subject + verb (past simple or 2nd column)
Present Perfect Signal Words
Yet (already/still): Used at the end of negative (-) or interrogative (?) sentences.
Just (acabo de): Have/has + just + past participle. Used in affirmative (+) sentences.
Already (ya): Have/has + already + past participle. Used in affirmative (+) sentences.
Indefinite Pronouns
People:
- (+) Someone/Somebody
- (-)(?) Anyone/Anybody
- (X) Nobody/No one
Thing:
- (+) Something
- (-)(?) Anything
- (X) Nothing
Place:
- (+) Somewhere
- (-)(?) Anywhere
- (X) Nowhere
Exception: “Any” (anyone, anything, anywhere) can be used when you don’t have a preference. Example: I can sleep anywhere.
-ING vs. -ED Adjectives
-ING: Describes the characteristic of something. (e.g., The film is so exciting.)
-ED: Describes how someone feels. (e.g., I feel excited.)
Make vs. Do
Make: lunch/dinner, the bed, a mistake, a noise, a phone call, friends, plans, an excuse
Do: the ironing, shopping, vacuuming, washing, washing-up, a course, an exam, homework, housework, exercise, sport, cleaning
Household Chores
Clean the floor // Dust the furniture // Lay the table // Load the dishwasher // Pick up dirty clothes // Put away your clothes // Take out the rubbish // Tidy your room or desk // Clean the table
Shopping Vocabulary
In a Shop: Basket // Changing room // Checkout (self-service) // Customer // Receipt // Shelves // Shop assistant // Shopping bag // The sales // Till // Trolley
Online: Account // Auction // Basket // Checkout // Debit or credit card // Delivery // Delivery address // Item // Next-day delivery // Payment details // Website
First Aid Kit Essentials
Antiseptic wipes // Antibiotic ointment // Aspirin // Bandage // Eye drops // Elastic bandage // First aid box // First aid manual // Hydrocortisone cream // Instant cold pack // Mask // Plasters // Rubber gloves // Survival blanket // Scissors // Sterile dressings // Sticking plaster // Safety pins // Sterile gauze // Thermometer // Tweezers // Triangular bandage // Torch
Prescription Vocabulary
Antidotes // Antipyretics // Bronchodilators // Contraindication // Composition // Dosage // Diuretics // Decongestants // Dispensing // Expiration date // Generic drug // Government-sponsored drugs // Hormones // Laxatives // Medical prescription // Narcotic dispensation // Neuroleptics // Overdose // Pharmaceutical attention // Patient information leaflet // Steroids // Side effects // Warning