Memory and Intelligence: Concepts, Stages, and Functions
1. Memory: Concept, Stages, and Abnormal Memory: Amnesia
Memory is a powerful faculty residing within our psyche. In Greek, mnemo referred to the power of memory, and history named the specific acts of this power that constitute our memories.
Definition
Memory is the ability to bring past states of consciousness to the present, referencing the time spent and recognized by the subject as past and their own. The distinguishing feature of memory is recognition. Thus, memory is based on re-sane. Memories are the acts of memory. Memory is one, and memories are plural.
The report relates to perception and attention and is distinct from imagination with regard to the time reference, the time factor.
Stages of Memory
- Acquisition and Fixation: A person learns a list of words, attends a conference, or experiences an accident or terrorist attack. The list, the conference, the accident, or the attack are fixed. The setting is the mark or sign that any images or mental conditions make in the subject’s consciousness. This depends on several factors: intensity of perception, the image intensity. Fixation may be spontaneous or voluntary. Then comes the memory itself, but before it passes through retention, there is an intermediate stage.
- Retention, Storage: Retention requires favorable conditions of fixation. And there must be some time elapsed. According to psychoanalytic theory, images are stored in the subconscious or unconscious evocation, or in the case of memory, the memory, the output to the conscious. According to Oliver, we have about one hundred billion neurons, equivalent to about a thousand megawatts to a central computer. And each is equipped with hundreds or thousands of possible neural connections through synapses. The pulses are stored in the neural circuits and circulate through them indefinitely until they are given the output, which is the memory.
- Playback: Playback can be spontaneous, and then the memory appears by itself, or voluntary, then we must seek it, chase it until we find it, either by association or mnemonics following more or less complicated methods.
- Recognition: Recognition consists of bringing this state of consciousness that the subject recognizes as past and their own. Some authors call it evoked; we shall call it recognition memory. It can be voluntary or involuntary and has degrees of clarity and precision.
The Abnormal Memory: Amnesia
Amnesia is memory loss that goes beyond normal forgetfulness. This is a forgotten disease and may be full or partial, total, involving a type of images or memories.
Other Anomalies:
- Paramnesias: Memory of what has been seen and experienced but shows or lives for the first time. The patient equates the present to the past as if they had lived previously and becomes aware of this situation alive. This is because they are given false memories, and memories are things that do not or who sees or experiences the first time.
- Hypermnesia: Excess of memory or an uncontrolled influence of memories into consciousness. Usually occurs in periods of hyper manic or in case of serious illness.
2. Intelligence: Intelligent Notion of the Event Process, Features, and Functions of Intelligence
Notion and Intelligence Etymology
Intelligence is the ability to adapt quickly and rationally to changing situations. Stern: the ability to adapt to the needs of thinking in the present moment. Both definitions coincide in the element of adaptation. Animals adapt by instinct, and humans adapt by intelligence. Adaptation is synonymous with adjustment, is made in harmony with something else, in particular, five physical or human.
Intelligent Act Process
Intelligence occurs in a process that unfolds into action. Intelligent acts, which in substance are very different, but they all have common characteristics:
- Mental Effort: Facing a problem, a new situation, do not serve us or reflexes, impulses, instincts, or mnemonic mechanisms. It is not a standard situation, but something unique.
- A Range of Questions: To solve it, of hesitation in which the subject is inhibited in the action.
- Time to Resolve: While seeking a satisfactory response, appropriate, or aims that can take less time and finally found the answer is not automatic conforms to the problem. A high degree of psychological stress.
- The Answer is Not Automatic: Adapting to the problem as there is always something of an invention.
Features and Functions of Intelligence
- Ability to Adapt: To adjust to new situations and to gain experience. The variability of responses. The concept of adaptation is an important concept. The animal, which lives psychic life that allows your central nervous system, is adapted by instinct, do not have to learn.
- Sustained Capacity to Meet: Attention, the degree of tension, strengthens our consciousness. The feeble-minded lacks the necessary mental strength to focus, to attend. Any effort, however small, tiring running out. The intellectual can focus on a problem that requires a solution time, and this can last a long time.
- Critical Self-Critical Spirit: Criticizing bears some negative: critical state, critical situation, is to examine the downside of a thing, is to put one thing a reality for a negative test. It is a sign of intellectual maturity and vital. This is: which lacks a critical mind accepts everything without question. He sees the difficulties, the nuances, the pros and cons of any situation. An important aspect is the so-called self-criticism, which is to see the weak side of oneself. This allows you to overcome the pleasure principle and keep improving the knowledge to comply achieving substantial autonomy and self-control.
- Mental Agility: Is a feature of intellectual work. Is to find as quickly as possible a satisfactory response to minimize the time of doubt, perplexity, and hesitation of reflection. This is what distinguishes the intelligent sometimes clumsy. There are persons endowed with extraordinary mental agility. Slow minds, stronger and deeper which succeed in science and speculative thought.
- Control Emotions: The intelligence, usefulness, and effectiveness are tested in everyday life.